{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2581845939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.13.iqsp-213","title":"Imaging Applications of Noise Equivalent Quanta","display_name":"Imaging Applications of Noise Equivalent Quanta","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2581845939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.13.iqsp-213","mag":"2581845939"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.13.iqsp-213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.13.iqsp-213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022274284","display_name":"Brian W. Keelan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian W. Keelan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022274284"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4354,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70217228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"13","first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.5716999769210815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.5716999769210815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.5512999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.5507000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-transfer-function","display_name":"Optical transfer function","score":0.7315508723258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.5560579895973206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5536766052246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5356122851371765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aliasing","display_name":"Aliasing","score":0.5179914236068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-function","display_name":"Transfer function","score":0.4613369405269623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4279901087284088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-filter","display_name":"Digital filter","score":0.42449888586997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4133087992668152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.39025208353996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3338974118232727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33215808868408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.29701873660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20340606570243835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.14652305841445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1344148814678192}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175231954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1942321","display_name":"Optical transfer function","level":2,"score":0.7315508723258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.5560579895973206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5536766052246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5356122851371765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4069607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868732","display_name":"Aliasing","level":3,"score":0.5179914236068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81299745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334269","display_name":"Transfer function","level":2,"score":0.4613369405269623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4279901087284088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36390408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163067","display_name":"Digital filter","level":3,"score":0.42449888586997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4133087992668152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.39025208353996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3338974118232727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33215808868408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.29701873660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20340606570243835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.14652305841445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1344148814678192}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.13.iqsp-213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.13.iqsp-213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2157127948","https://openalex.org/W3206584660","https://openalex.org/W2009886278","https://openalex.org/W2735246305","https://openalex.org/W2529234022","https://openalex.org/W2353622431","https://openalex.org/W2996441418","https://openalex.org/W4286614785","https://openalex.org/W3084192357","https://openalex.org/W2387422968"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,77],"paper":[1],"explores":[2],"how":[3],"noise":[4,37,108],"equivalent":[5],"quanta":[6],"(NEQ)":[7],"can":[8],"be":[9,87],"estimated":[10,89],"conveniently":[11,88],"in":[12,161],"digital":[13,84,153],"imaging":[14,32],"systems,":[15],"and":[16,44,114,143,168],"provides":[17],"two":[18],"very":[19],"different":[20],"examples":[21,119],"of":[22,73,82,93,96,120,122,131,138,166],"its":[23],"application.":[24],"A":[25],"principal":[26],"result":[27,78],"is":[28,47],"that,":[29],"if":[30,45],"an":[31],"system":[33,85],"has":[34],"a":[35,83,136,146],"flat":[36,62],"power":[38],"spectrum":[39],"(NPS)":[40],"prior":[41],"to":[42,49,86,107],"down-sampling,":[43,64],"pre-filtration":[46],"used":[48,164],"control":[50],"aliasing":[51],"while":[52],"maintaining":[53],"reasonable":[54],"sharpness,":[55],"the":[56,66,71,74,80,91,94,97,103,111,115,158,162],"NPS":[57],"will":[58],"again":[59],"become":[60],"roughly":[61],"after":[63],"with":[65],"magnitude":[67],"reduced":[68],"by":[69],"approximately":[70],"square":[72,92],"down-sampling":[75],"factor.":[76],"allows":[79],"NEQ":[81],"as":[90,135],"product":[95],"capture":[98],"modulation":[99],"transfer":[100],"function":[101,137],"(MTF),":[102],"linear":[104],"pixel":[105],"signal":[106],"ratio":[109],"(SNR),":[110],"resampling":[112],"factor,":[113,155],"pre-filter":[116],"MTF.":[117],"Two":[118],"applications":[121],"this":[123],"approximation":[124],"are":[125],"described:":[126],"(1)":[127],"understanding":[128],"likely":[129],"performance":[130],"pedestrian":[132],"detection":[133],"algorithms":[134],"automotive":[139],"image":[140],"sensor":[141],"properties;":[142],"(2)":[144],"developing":[145],"new":[147],"usability":[148],"metric":[149],"for":[150],"mobile":[151],"imaging,":[152],"zoom":[154],"that":[156],"combines":[157],"information":[159],"contained":[160],"commonly":[163],"parameters":[165],"megapixels":[167],"SNR10.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
