{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4316813055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2023.35.7.image-276","title":"Evaluating the efficacy of skincare product: A realistic short-term facial pore simulation","display_name":"Evaluating the efficacy of skincare product: A realistic short-term facial pore simulation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4316813055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2023.35.7.image-276"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/ei.2023.35.7.image-276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2023.35.7.image-276","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/ei/35/7/IMAGE-276","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/ei/35/7/IMAGE-276","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435391","display_name":"Ling Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2256-6333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ling Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004376159","display_name":"Bandara Dissanayake","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9318-9863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108292","display_name":"Procter & Gamble (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf6dn24","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108292","https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bandara Dissanayake","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Procter & Gamble Company;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Procter & Gamble Company;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003457073","display_name":"Tatsuya Omotezako","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1378-8075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108292","display_name":"Procter & Gamble (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf6dn24","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108292","https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tatsuya Omotezako","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Procter & Gamble Company;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Procter & Gamble Company;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072280384","display_name":"Yunjie Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunjie Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358805","display_name":"Qing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6869-0381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University, China;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068658382","display_name":"Rizhao Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-8462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rizhao Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100610891","display_name":"Qian Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-625X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, China;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027551062","display_name":"Dennis Sng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Sng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403129","display_name":"Weisi Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9866-1947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weisi Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374821","display_name":"Yufei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1960-3413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129003","display_name":"SYSU-CMU International Joint Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02w30ae27","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129003"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129003","https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080977911","display_name":"Alex C. Kot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6262-8125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex C. Kot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100435391"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4203,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50136416,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"7","first_page":"276","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11595","display_name":"Textile materials and evaluations","score":0.9502000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11595","display_name":"Textile materials and evaluations","score":0.9502000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7196428775787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.563178300857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5487410426139832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5366716980934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5323885679244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48115622997283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-warping","display_name":"Image warping","score":0.45008957386016846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.4453045725822449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3600826561450958}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7196428775787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.563178300857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5487410426139832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5366716980934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5323885679244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48115622997283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157202957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1659609","display_name":"Image warping","level":2,"score":0.45008957386016846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.4453045725822449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3600826561450958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2352/ei.2023.35.7.image-276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2023.35.7.image-276","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/ei/35/7/IMAGE-276","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2302.11950","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2302.11950","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.11950","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/ei.2023.35.7.image-276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2023.35.7.image-276","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/ei/35/7/IMAGE-276","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1974871111","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","funder_display_name":"Nanyang Technological University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4316813055.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4316813055.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1581312857","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2009656072","https://openalex.org/W2051377474","https://openalex.org/W2083610878","https://openalex.org/W2102166818","https://openalex.org/W2184567496","https://openalex.org/W2546850645","https://openalex.org/W2549328289","https://openalex.org/W2791968630","https://openalex.org/W2883393635","https://openalex.org/W2921058807","https://openalex.org/W2944954104","https://openalex.org/W2963391470","https://openalex.org/W2963821873","https://openalex.org/W2964261768","https://openalex.org/W2970705168","https://openalex.org/W2970904125","https://openalex.org/W2983339877","https://openalex.org/W2998768810","https://openalex.org/W3031810105","https://openalex.org/W3034241802","https://openalex.org/W3035574324","https://openalex.org/W3082772348","https://openalex.org/W3163461849","https://openalex.org/W3171698583","https://openalex.org/W3174765491","https://openalex.org/W3174807077","https://openalex.org/W4214545063","https://openalex.org/W4220668300","https://openalex.org/W4226348722","https://openalex.org/W4229069148","https://openalex.org/W4251254685","https://openalex.org/W4287272562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1670332068","https://openalex.org/W2095618524","https://openalex.org/W2735770592","https://openalex.org/W1971024059","https://openalex.org/W1502062143","https://openalex.org/W4224236531","https://openalex.org/W4291993329","https://openalex.org/W2063177452","https://openalex.org/W2140186469","https://openalex.org/W4388446985"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Simulating":[0],"the":[1,7,22,54,186],"effects":[2],"of":[3,45,71,140],"skincare":[4,65,196],"products":[5],"on":[6],"face":[8,87],"is":[9,42],"a":[10,43,118],"potential":[11],"new":[12],"mode":[13],"for":[14,188],"product":[15,197],"self-promotion":[16],"while":[17],"facilitating":[18],"consumers":[19],"to":[20,30,58,105,122,129,146,152,169],"choose":[21],"right":[23],"product.":[24],"Furthermore,":[25],"such":[26],"simulations":[27,47],"enable":[28],"one":[29],"anticipate":[31],"her":[32],"skin":[33,38,102,193],"condition":[34],"and":[35,77,115,125,157,163,195],"better":[36],"manage":[37],"health.":[39],"However,":[40],"there":[41],"lack":[44],"effective":[46],"today.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"paper,":[51],"we":[52,85,116],"propose":[53,117],"first":[55],"simulation":[56,68,137,176,194],"model":[57],"reveal":[59],"facial":[60,78,131,135,148,179,192],"pore":[61,79,91,132,136,164,180],"changes":[62],"after":[63],"using":[64],"products.":[66],"Our":[67],"pipeline":[69],"consists":[70,139],"two":[72],"steps:":[73],"training":[74,83],"data":[75,124],"establishment":[76],"simulation.":[80],"To":[81],"establish":[82],"data,":[84],"collect":[86],"images":[88],"with":[89],"various":[90],"quality":[92],"indexes":[93],"from":[94],"short-term":[95],"(8-weeks)":[96],"clinical":[97],"studies.":[98],"People":[99],"experience":[100],"significant":[101],"fluctuations":[103],"(due":[104],"natural":[106],"rhythms,":[107],"external":[108],"stressors,":[109],"etc.,)":[110],"which":[111],"introduce":[112],"large":[113],"perturbations,":[114],"sliding":[119],"window":[120],"mechanism":[121],"clean":[123],"select":[126],"representative":[127],"index(es)":[128],"present":[130],"changes.":[133,181],"The":[134,174],"stage":[138],"3":[141],"modules:":[142],"UNet-based":[143],"segmentation":[144,165],"module":[145,151],"localize":[147],"pores;":[149],"regression":[150],"predict":[153],"time-dependent":[154],"warping":[155,161],"hyperparameters;":[156],"deformation":[158],"module,":[159],"taking":[160],"hyperparameters":[162],"labels":[166],"as":[167],"inputs,":[168],"precisely":[170],"deform":[171],"pores":[172],"accordingly.":[173],"proposed":[175],"renders":[177],"realistic":[178],"This":[182],"work":[183],"will":[184],"pave":[185],"way":[187],"future":[189],"research":[190],"in":[191],"developments.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}