{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221141821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2022.34.8.image-300","title":"Automatic facial skin feature detection for everyone","display_name":"Automatic facial skin feature detection for everyone","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221141821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2022.34.8.image-300"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/ei.2022.34.8.image-300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2022.34.8.image-300","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/ei/34/8/IMAGE-300","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/ei/34/8/IMAGE-300","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100610891","display_name":"Qian Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-625X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003990212","display_name":"Ankur Purwar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74680897","display_name":"Procter & Gamble (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkns738","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ankur Purwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Procter & Gamble;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Procter & Gamble;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390101","display_name":"Heng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2993-4686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069605846","display_name":"Guang Liang Lim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang Liang Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037788925","display_name":"Ling Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9722-9503"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Li","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103944482","display_name":"Debasish Behera","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74680897","display_name":"Procter & Gamble (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkns738","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}],"countries":["SG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debasish Behera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;","Procter & Gamble;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Procter & Gamble;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391137","display_name":"Qian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0750-7843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024708104","display_name":"Min Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1986-8438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068658382","display_name":"Rizhao Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-8462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rizhao Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060744533","display_name":"Jennifer Werner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74680897","display_name":"Procter & Gamble (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkns738","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Werner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Procter & Gamble;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Procter & Gamble;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027551062","display_name":"Dennis Sng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Sng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091768279","display_name":"Maurice A. M. Van Steensel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7507-2442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maurice van Steensel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403129","display_name":"Weisi Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9866-1947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weisi Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080977911","display_name":"Alex C. Kot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6262-8125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex C. Kot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5693,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61700137,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"8","first_page":"300","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.7181000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.7181000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.6887000203132629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selfie","display_name":"Selfie","score":0.709915280342102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wrinkle","display_name":"Wrinkle","score":0.6343550682067871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6185153722763062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6095248460769653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.5913895964622498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5132677555084229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acne","display_name":"Acne","score":0.4698685109615326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-cancer","display_name":"Skin cancer","score":0.4552636444568634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dermatology","display_name":"Dermatology","score":0.3449068069458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33479779958724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.25321197509765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.11867663264274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.07128924131393433}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777454149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12068677","display_name":"Selfie","level":2,"score":0.709915280342102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777872592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349185","display_name":"Wrinkle","level":2,"score":0.6343550682067871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6185153722763062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6095248460769653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.5913895964622498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5132677555084229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777673923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79928","display_name":"Acne","level":2,"score":0.4698685109615326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777789703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192102","display_name":"Skin cancer","level":3,"score":0.4552636444568634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.3449068069458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33479779958724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.25321197509765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.11867663264274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.07128924131393433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2352/ei.2022.34.8.image-300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2022.34.8.image-300","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/ei/34/8/IMAGE-300","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/ei.2022.34.8.image-300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2022.34.8.image-300","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/ei/34/8/IMAGE-300","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221141821.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221141821.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480504814","https://openalex.org/W1657481750","https://openalex.org/W1676201976","https://openalex.org/W1724898966","https://openalex.org/W1744760390","https://openalex.org/W1745334888","https://openalex.org/W1894463949","https://openalex.org/W1916905723","https://openalex.org/W1966364624","https://openalex.org/W1973283288","https://openalex.org/W2002296502","https://openalex.org/W2058191200","https://openalex.org/W2072730064","https://openalex.org/W2075881548","https://openalex.org/W2086705020","https://openalex.org/W2101856619","https://openalex.org/W2104763670","https://openalex.org/W2116875963","https://openalex.org/W2160951908","https://openalex.org/W2165734204","https://openalex.org/W2308073729","https://openalex.org/W2383183388","https://openalex.org/W2510872901","https://openalex.org/W2787056634","https://openalex.org/W2790427510","https://openalex.org/W2898967829","https://openalex.org/W2900800688","https://openalex.org/W2963883574","https://openalex.org/W2969525510","https://openalex.org/W2980673424","https://openalex.org/W2994754739","https://openalex.org/W2996290406","https://openalex.org/W3085046840","https://openalex.org/W3095568701","https://openalex.org/W3110374746","https://openalex.org/W3115245350","https://openalex.org/W4240174149","https://openalex.org/W4255471897","https://openalex.org/W4285345718","https://openalex.org/W4385229964","https://openalex.org/W6639778715"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2542263087","https://openalex.org/W1504288058","https://openalex.org/W2331674254","https://openalex.org/W2121126031","https://openalex.org/W2167293474","https://openalex.org/W3042897387","https://openalex.org/W2118989579","https://openalex.org/W2048505601","https://openalex.org/W2017205855","https://openalex.org/W2996148581"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"assessment":[1,56],"and":[2,20,81,99,111,160,175],"understanding":[3],"of":[4,15,60,78,96,125,157],"facial":[5,68],"skin":[6,40,62,69,79,106,168],"condition":[7],"have":[8],"several":[9,46],"applications,":[10],"including":[11],"the":[12,30,87,94,123,137,147,154],"early":[13],"detection":[14,59,71],"underlying":[16],"health":[17],"problems,":[18],"lifestyle":[19],"dietary":[21],"treatment,":[22],"skin-care":[23],"product":[24],"recommendation,":[25],"etc.":[26],"S":[27],"Selfies":[28],"in":[29,86,118],"wild":[31],"serve":[32],"as":[33,136],"an":[34,54,66],"excellent":[35],"data":[36,47],"resource":[37],"to":[38,52,128],"democratize":[39],"quality":[41],"assessment,":[42],"but":[43],"suffer":[44],"from":[45],"collection":[48],"challenges.":[49],"The":[50,114],"key":[51],"guaranteeing":[53],"accurate":[55,58,155],"is":[57,116],"different":[61,105,166],"features.":[63],"We":[64,133],"present":[65],"automatic":[67],"feature":[70,141],"method":[72],"that":[73,146],"works":[74],"across":[75],"a":[76,119,126],"variety":[77],"tones":[80],"age":[82,173],"groups":[83],"for":[84,101,131,140,162],"selfies":[85],"wild.":[88],"To":[89],"be":[90],"specific,":[91],"we":[92],"annotate":[93],"locations":[95,156],"acne,":[97,158],"pigmentation,":[98,159],"wrinkle":[100,161],"selfie":[102,163],"images":[103,164],"with":[104,122,165],"tone":[107,169],"colors,":[108,170],"severity":[109,171],"levels,":[110,172],"lighting":[112,176],"conditions.":[113,177],"annotation":[115,149],"conducted":[117],"two-phase":[120,148],"scheme":[121,150],"help":[124],"dermatologist":[127],"train":[129],"volunteers":[130],"annotation.":[132],"employ":[134],"Unet++":[135],"network":[138],"architecture":[139],"detection.":[142],"This":[143],"work":[144],"shows":[145],"can":[151],"robustly":[152],"detect":[153],"ethnicities,":[167],"groups,":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
