{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313151496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2022.34.15.color-259","title":"Measuring colorant fading within raster regions of printed scanned customer content using a novel unsupervised clustering method","display_name":"Measuring colorant fading within raster regions of printed scanned customer content using a novel unsupervised clustering method","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313151496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2022.34.15.color-259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/ei.2022.34.15.color-259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2022.34.15.color-259","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/ei/34/15/COLOR-259","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/ei/34/15/COLOR-259","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089230219","display_name":"Runzhe Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0449-3731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Runzhe Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112883599","display_name":"Yousun Bang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104180","display_name":"Suwon Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01bp6g914","country_code":"KR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104180"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yousun Bang","raw_affiliation_strings":["HP Inc., Suwon City, KOREA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP Inc., Suwon City, KOREA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018572841","display_name":"Minki Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3745-122X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104180","display_name":"Suwon Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01bp6g914","country_code":"KR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104180"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minki Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["HP Inc., Suwon City, KOREA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP Inc., Suwon City, KOREA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084249842","display_name":"Mark Shaw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6651-8801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120156002","display_name":"Boise State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3zdp86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Shaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["HP Inc., Boise, ID 83714, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP Inc., Boise, ID 83714, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043967979","display_name":"Jan P. Allebach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5608-8249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan P. Allebach","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089230219"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12388051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"15","first_page":"259","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.8011112809181213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raster-graphics","display_name":"Raster graphics","score":0.7959262132644653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.7497798800468445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7022852897644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.673875093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.6492140293121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6278964281082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5775777101516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.515333354473114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5093313455581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3861260414123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.20431819558143616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.15871846675872803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.8011112809181213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181844469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182270","display_name":"Raster graphics","level":2,"score":0.7959262132644653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.7497798800468445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7022852897644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.673875093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.6492140293121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6278964281082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5775777101516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.515333354473114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5093313455581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3861260414123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20431819558143616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.15871846675872803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2352/ei.2022.34.15.color-259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2022.34.15.color-259","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/ei/34/15/COLOR-259","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/ei.2022.34.15.color-259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2022.34.15.color-259","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/ei/34/15/COLOR-259","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313151496.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313151496.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101836494","https://openalex.org/W1964443764","https://openalex.org/W2067191022","https://openalex.org/W2071949631","https://openalex.org/W2090550165","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2128262401","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2140405352","https://openalex.org/W2585094121","https://openalex.org/W3092050954","https://openalex.org/W3092123619","https://openalex.org/W3199740662","https://openalex.org/W3201303563","https://openalex.org/W4242398740","https://openalex.org/W4245100975","https://openalex.org/W6641595364","https://openalex.org/W6679400470","https://openalex.org/W6679942580","https://openalex.org/W6680096826","https://openalex.org/W6680699249","https://openalex.org/W6732815961","https://openalex.org/W6801204495","https://openalex.org/W6801965746"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W121273120","https://openalex.org/W2337415362","https://openalex.org/W4312857205","https://openalex.org/W2740820121","https://openalex.org/W317572212","https://openalex.org/W2002009170","https://openalex.org/W2034462085","https://openalex.org/W3005455252","https://openalex.org/W2090093270","https://openalex.org/W2047953819"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Colorant":[0,19],"fading":[1,20,45,200],"defects":[2,46,50,201],"in":[3,16,109,146],"raster":[4,73],"region":[5],"of":[6,138,144,180],"interest":[7],"(ROI)":[8],"are":[9,56],"among":[10],"the":[11,43,49,66,72,77,90,97,136,147,162,166,198],"most":[12],"common":[13],"printing":[14],"issues":[15],"electrophotographic":[17],"printers.":[18],"manifests":[21],"as":[22,165],"faint":[23],"print":[24],"or":[25,92],"customer":[26],"content":[27],"and":[28,47,75],"is":[29,103,132],"usually":[30],"caused":[31],"by":[32,194],"low-level":[33],"ink/cartridge.":[34],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"presents":[37],"an":[38,104,157],"accurate":[39],"method":[40,69,131],"to":[41,70,87,119,196],"detect":[42],"colorant":[44,199],"classify":[48,197],"based":[51,133,202],"on":[52,134,151,203],"their":[53,204],"severity.":[54,205],"There":[55],"two":[57],"modules":[58],"for":[59,176,189],"this":[60],"method.":[61],"The":[62,183],"first":[63],"module":[64,185],"uses":[65],"SLIC":[67],"super-pixel":[68],"separate":[71],"ROI":[74],"extract":[76,89],"smooth":[78,98],"super-pixels.":[79,99],"We":[80,114],"design":[81],"a":[82,116,171,177],"novel":[83],"unsupervised":[84,120],"clustering":[85,102,122],"algorithm":[86,168],"automatically":[88],"three":[91,152],"four":[93],"main":[94,191],"colors":[95],"from":[96],"Unsupervised":[100],"data":[101,121,148],"important":[105],"problem":[106],"that":[107,159],"arises":[108],"many":[110],"image":[111],"processing":[112],"applications.":[113],"propose":[115],"new":[117,130],"approach":[118,158],"called":[123],"Data":[124],"Inter-Distance":[125],"MEdiated":[126],"Clustering":[127],"(DIDMEC).":[128],"Our":[129],"analyzing":[135],"matrix":[137],"Euclidean":[139],"distances":[140],"between":[141],"each":[142,190],"pair":[143],"points":[145],"set.":[149],"Based":[150],"simple":[153],"properties,":[154],"we":[155],"devise":[156],"effectively":[160],"yields":[161],"same":[163],"accuracy":[164],"K-Means":[167],"but":[169],"at":[170],"much":[172],"lower":[173],"computational":[174],"cost":[175],"moderate":[178],"number":[179],"sample":[181],"points.":[182],"second":[184],"extracts":[186],"feature":[187],"vectors":[188],"color":[192],"clustered":[193],"DIDMEC":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}