{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226353857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2022.34.14.coimg-119","title":"Weighted minimum norm algorithm for improved phase unwrapping","display_name":"Weighted minimum norm algorithm for improved phase unwrapping","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226353857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2022.34.14.coimg-119"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/ei.2022.34.14.coimg-119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2022.34.14.coimg-119","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/ei/34/14/COIMG-119","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/ei/34/14/COIMG-119","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060816073","display_name":"Tegan F. Lakshmanan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tegan F. Lakshmanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039538061","display_name":"Kyle Champley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8653-9562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyle M. Champley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071790852","display_name":"Karthika Mohan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0554-9433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Aditya Mohan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02794816,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"14","first_page":"119","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9706000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classification-of-discontinuities","display_name":"Classification of discontinuities","score":0.7394413352012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-unwrapping","display_name":"Phase unwrapping","score":0.653289794921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6414021849632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.5367724895477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.5298022627830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.500227689743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48531049489974976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4781126379966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.475220263004303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4370574951171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4150035083293915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.25960469245910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23796606063842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.06640666723251343}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15627037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541961","display_name":"Classification of discontinuities","level":2,"score":0.7394413352012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020654733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6038852","display_name":"Phase unwrapping","level":3,"score":0.653289794921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6414021849632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.5367724895477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5298022627830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.500227689743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48531049489974976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4781126379966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.475220263004303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4370574951171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4150035083293915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.25960469245910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23796606063842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.06640666723251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2352/ei.2022.34.14.coimg-119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2022.34.14.coimg-119","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/ei/34/14/COIMG-119","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1860762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1860762","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1860762","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/ei.2022.34.14.coimg-119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2022.34.14.coimg-119","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/ei/34/14/COIMG-119","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1356433355","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE\u2010AC5207NA27344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","funder_display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G14554683","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DEAC5207NA27344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2145270357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC52\u201007NA27344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3669113783","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"07NA27344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","funder_display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4343739756","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","funder_display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G69709960","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G895790057","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC52","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","funder_display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G991281326","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC52-07NA27344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","funder_display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226353857.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226353857.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068685527","https://openalex.org/W2152403125","https://openalex.org/W2159006012","https://openalex.org/W2171793764","https://openalex.org/W4248331836"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2401666371","https://openalex.org/W2990473846","https://openalex.org/W4232615767","https://openalex.org/W2369901006","https://openalex.org/W2386535035","https://openalex.org/W2080987642","https://openalex.org/W2386767533","https://openalex.org/W1988929827","https://openalex.org/W2050723724","https://openalex.org/W2167759688"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phase":[0],"unwrapping":[1,33,40],"is":[2,28,60],"an":[3,54],"integral":[4],"part":[5],"of":[6,17,46],"multiple":[7,143],"imaging":[8],"techniques,":[9],"and":[10,64,148],"as":[11],"a":[12,14,43,47,81,117],"result,":[13],"wide":[15],"range":[16],"algorithms":[18],"have":[19],"been":[20],"created":[21],"to":[22,74,105,119],"unwrap":[23],"phases.":[24],"One":[25],"such":[26],"algorithm":[27,36,78],"the":[29,38,58,72,77,96,112,124,132],"minimum":[30,83],"Lp-norm":[31],"phase":[32,39],"algorithm.":[34],"This":[35,115],"transforms":[37],"problem":[41,45,59],"into":[42],"minimization":[44],"certain":[48],"functional,":[49],"which":[50,94,127],"it":[51],"solves":[52],"with":[53,84,142],"iterative":[55],"method.":[56],"However,":[57],"usually":[61],"not":[62],"convex,":[63],"when":[65],"there":[66],"are":[67],"many":[68],"sharp":[69],"edges":[70,110,122,144],"in":[71,87,99,111],"data":[73,107],"be":[75],"unwrapped,":[76],"often":[79],"produces":[80],"local":[82],"new":[85],"discontinuities":[86],"originally":[88],"smooth":[89,100],"areas.":[90],"To":[91],"prioritize":[92],"solutions":[93],"minimize":[95],"functional":[97],"better":[98],"areas,":[101],"we":[102,128,135],"use":[103],"weights":[104],"deprioritize":[106],"lying":[108],"along":[109],"ground-truth":[113,121],"image.":[114],"requires":[116],"method":[118],"find":[120],"using":[123,131],"wrapped":[125],"image,":[126],"describe.":[129],"When":[130],"modified":[133],"algorithm,":[134],"generally":[136],"obtain":[137],"improved":[138],"results":[139],"on":[140],"images":[141],"(both":[145],"lower":[146],"errors":[147],"more":[149],"correct":[150],"edge":[151],"placement).":[152]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}