{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2504351813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.2015.23.1.art00027","title":"Fast And Accurate 3D Rendering Of Automotive Coatings","display_name":"Fast And Accurate 3D Rendering Of Automotive Coatings","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2504351813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.2015.23.1.art00027","mag":"2504351813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/cic.2015.23.1.art00027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/cic.2015.23.1.art00027","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/cic/23/1/art00027","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193667","display_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","issn_l":"2166-9635","issn":["2166-9635","2169-2629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/cic/23/1/art00027","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019467658","display_name":"Eric Kirchner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-8802"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Kirchner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067950521","display_name":"Ivo van der Lans","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73305655","display_name":"AkzoNobel (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/017ctmv39","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73305655"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivo van der Lans","raw_affiliation_strings":["( ) Color Research , BA Performance Coatings , AkzoNobel , Sassenheim , the Netherlands , ("],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"( ) Color Research , BA Performance Coatings , AkzoNobel , Sassenheim , the Netherlands , (","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73305655"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071074785","display_name":"Alejandro Ferrero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-3906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","display_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfc7t72","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alejandro Ferrero","raw_affiliation_strings":[") Instituto de \u00d3ptica , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC) , c/Serrano 144 , Madrid 28006 , Spain, ("],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":") Instituto de \u00d3ptica , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC) , c/Serrano 144 , Madrid 28006 , Spain, (","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Joaqu\u00edn Campos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","display_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfc7t72","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joaqu\u00edn Campos","raw_affiliation_strings":[") Instituto de \u00d3ptica , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC) , c/Serrano 144 , Madrid 28006 , Spain, ("],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":") Instituto de \u00d3ptica , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC) , c/Serrano 144 , Madrid 28006 , Spain, (","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050132443","display_name":"Francisco M. Mart\u00ednez\u2010Verd\u00fa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4756-161X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130194489","display_name":"University of Alicante","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8bcz72","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco M. Mart\u00ednez-Verd\u00fa","raw_affiliation_strings":[") Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy , University of Alicante , Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n 03690 , Alicante , Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":") Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy , University of Alicante , Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n 03690 , Alicante , Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022670690","display_name":"Esther Perales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5346-1703"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esther Perales .","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4414003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"154","last_page":"160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11245","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.8789494037628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.7284876704216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6479905247688293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.6267461776733398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-reflectance-distribution-function","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","score":0.4572453498840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37116312980651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3651219308376312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.36128973960876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35922014713287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.24532121419906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.12895962595939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10006573796272278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08188340067863464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.8789494037628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.7284876704216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6479905247688293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.6267461776733398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151596937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856980","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","level":3,"score":0.4572453498840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37116312980651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3651219308376312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.36128973960876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35922014713287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.24532121419906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.12895962595939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10006573796272278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08188340067863464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2352/cic.2015.23.1.art00027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/cic.2015.23.1.art00027","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/cic/23/1/art00027","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193667","display_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","issn_l":"2166-9635","issn":["2166-9635","2169-2629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/134728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/134728","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/134728","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400616","display_name":"DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","host_organization_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/135762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/135762","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/135762","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400616","display_name":"DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","host_organization_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"p\u00f3ster de congreso"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/cic.2015.23.1.art00027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/cic.2015.23.1.art00027","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/cic/23/1/art00027","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193667","display_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","issn_l":"2166-9635","issn":["2166-9635","2169-2629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3216000229","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"S2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4854449421","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"S2013/MIT-2790","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6059635784","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"S2013/MIT-2790","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313458","display_name":"European Association of National Metrology Institutes","ror":"https://ror.org/03csrq586"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2504351813.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2504351813.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1600306065","https://openalex.org/W1971728626","https://openalex.org/W1982164872","https://openalex.org/W2025873879","https://openalex.org/W2060818042","https://openalex.org/W2065117083","https://openalex.org/W2066239574","https://openalex.org/W2099637371","https://openalex.org/W2100031429","https://openalex.org/W2103340892","https://openalex.org/W2141735045","https://openalex.org/W2153953690","https://openalex.org/W2169051627"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985177211","https://openalex.org/W291250033","https://openalex.org/W2008385118","https://openalex.org/W2035757446","https://openalex.org/W880955280","https://openalex.org/W2106647072","https://openalex.org/W4246858109","https://openalex.org/W54172855","https://openalex.org/W2170209930","https://openalex.org/W2046782623"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,151,184],"color":[1,26,37,58,87,126],"of":[2,14,20,50,67,94,108,119,171,220],"automotive":[3,109,172,221],"coatings":[4,16,222],"varies":[5],"with":[6,60,89,137],"illumination":[7],"and":[8,110,141,164,239],"detection":[9],"angles.":[10],"For":[11,228],"3D":[12,106,210,218],"rendering":[13,107,149,182,219],"these":[15,62],"currently":[17],"two":[18],"categories":[19],"methods":[21,33,63,73],"exist,":[22],"aiming":[23],"at":[24,29,124],"either":[25],"accuracy":[27,38,127],"or":[28],"computational":[30,77,139],"speed.":[31],"Current":[32,72],"that":[34,74,206],"aim":[35,75],"for":[36,76,105,167],"are":[39,53,237],"based":[40],"on":[41],"measurement":[42,51],"data":[43],"from":[44],"BRDF":[45],"instruments.":[46],"Since":[47],"many":[48],"hundreds":[49],"geometries":[52],"needed":[54],"to":[55,91,130,146,189,209,216],"capture":[56],"the":[57,95,131,168,198],"variation":[59],"angles,":[61],"require":[64],"timeexpensive":[65],"interpolation":[66],"large":[68],"three-dimensional":[69,192],"Look-Up":[70],"Tables.":[71],"speed":[78,140],"use":[79],"physically":[80],"crude":[81],"approximations,":[82],"usually":[83],"taking":[84],"into":[85],"account":[86],"variations":[88],"respect":[90],"only":[92],"one":[93],"four":[96],"angular":[97],"dimensions.":[98],"Here,":[99],"we":[100],"derive":[101],"a":[102,116,155],"new":[103,152,185],"approach":[104,153],"other":[111],"gonio-apparent":[112],"coatings,":[113],"which":[114,196],"is":[115],"dedicated":[117],"form":[118],"microfacet":[120],"models.":[121],"It":[122],"aims":[123],"improved":[125],"as":[128,144],"compared":[129,145],"current":[132,147,180],"computationally":[133],"inexpensive":[134],"methods,":[135],"combined":[136],"higher":[138],"lower":[142],"cost":[143],"color-accurate":[148],"techniques.":[150],"utilizes":[154],"recently":[156],"developed":[157],"physical":[158],"analysis":[159],"method,":[160],"introducing":[161],"flake-based":[162],"parameters":[163],"isochromatic":[165],"lines,":[166],"reflection":[169],"properties":[170],"coatings.":[173],"This":[174],"makes":[175],"it":[176,202],"more":[177],"accurate":[178,217],"than":[179,191],"fast":[181],"methods.":[183],"method":[186,213],"naturally":[187],"leads":[188,215],"two-rather":[190],"Look":[193],"Up":[194],"Tables,":[195],"explains":[197],"small":[199],"computation":[200,226],"time":[201],"needs.":[203],"We":[204],"show":[205],"when":[207],"applied":[208],"rendering,":[211],"this":[212],"indeed":[214],"while":[223],"requiring":[224],"reduced":[225],"times.":[227],"numerical":[229],"errors":[230],"found":[231,238],"in":[232],"some":[233],"special":[234],"cases,":[235],"solutions":[236],"tested.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-30T07:30:35.949966","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
