{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2402892232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.2013.21.1.art00044","title":"Real-Time Spectral Rendering","display_name":"Real-Time Spectral Rendering","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2402892232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.2013.21.1.art00044","mag":"2402892232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/cic.2013.21.1.art00044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.2013.21.1.art00044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193667","display_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","issn_l":"2166-9635","issn":["2166-9635","2169-2629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011365625","display_name":"C. Allen Waddle","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Allen Waddle","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011365625"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20008877,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"240","last_page":"246"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.7624688148498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.5677741765975952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.5542553663253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5430628061294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5381155610084534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.48817306756973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-subspace","display_name":"Linear subspace","score":0.4667152762413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.40732696652412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.37065398693084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25928425788879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.13930031657218933}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.7624688148498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.5677741765975952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.5542553663253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5430628061294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5381155610084534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.48817306756973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12362212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728435","display_name":"Linear subspace","level":2,"score":0.4667152762413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.40732696652412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.37065398693084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25928425788879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.13930031657218933}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2352/cic.2013.21.1.art00044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.2013.21.1.art00044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193667","display_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","issn_l":"2166-9635","issn":["2166-9635","2169-2629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2896134808","https://openalex.org/W3172436493","https://openalex.org/W4287164812","https://openalex.org/W2957492749","https://openalex.org/W1887135636","https://openalex.org/W2386063599","https://openalex.org/W1975884855","https://openalex.org/W3213150849","https://openalex.org/W4285605394","https://openalex.org/W2025894073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"common":[1],"practice":[2],"in":[3,39,54,91],"computer":[4],"graphics":[5],"of":[6,14,56,72,121,132,135,161,207,237],"multiplying":[7],"RGB":[8,238],"triplets":[9],"to":[10,81,104,126,196],"model":[11,31],"the":[12,50,92,124,147,159,165,177,197],"perception":[13],"reflected":[15],"light":[16],"is":[17,123,141,231],"simple":[18],"and":[19,99,164],"efficient,":[20],"but":[21,49,171],"it":[22,30],"does":[23],"not":[24],"predict":[25],"color":[26],"reliably,":[27],"nor":[28,151],"can":[29,59,65,189],"metamerism":[32],"or":[33],"optical":[34],"phenomena":[35],"that":[36,110,194,230,236],"are":[37],"spectral":[38,225],"nature,":[40],"such":[41],"as":[42,214,216],"iridescence.":[43],"Spectral":[44],"rendering":[45,221],"meets":[46],"these":[47,202],"goals,":[48],"O(n)":[51],"cost":[52,103,229],"incurred":[53],"multiplication":[55,83],"n-dimensional":[57],"spectra":[58,64],"be":[60,66],"prohibitively":[61],"expensive.":[62],"Although":[63],"well":[67],"approximated":[68],"by":[69,97,114,157,175,182],"linear":[70,78],"combinations":[71],"m≪":[73],"n":[74],"basis":[75,109,163],"vectors,":[76,170],"standard":[77],"models":[79],"lead":[80],"matrix-vector":[82],"with":[84,106,204,213],"complexity":[85],"O(m2)":[86],"when":[87],"performing":[88],"lighting":[89],"calculations":[90],"lower-dimensional":[93],"space.":[94],"A":[95],"method":[96],"Drew":[98],"Finlayson":[100],"reduces":[101],"this":[102],"O(m)":[105],"a":[107,162,184,191,205,228,233],"“sharp”":[108],"has":[111],"been":[112],"transformed":[113],"an":[115,127,133,143],"m×m":[116],"matrix":[117],"T,":[118],"each":[119],"column":[120],"which":[122,146],"solution":[125],"optimization":[128,144],"problem":[129,193],"requiring":[130],"specification":[131],"interval":[134],"wavelengths.":[136],"Choosing":[137],"good":[138,211],"intervals,":[139],"however,":[140],"itself":[142],"problem,":[145],"authors":[148],"neither":[149],"pose":[150],"solve.":[152],"Instead,":[153],"we":[154,188,209],"construct":[155],"T":[156],"optimizing":[158],"sharpness":[160],"minimum":[166],"angle":[167],"between":[168],"its":[169],"obtain":[172,210],"better":[173],"results":[174],"minimizing":[176,183],"residual":[178],"error":[179],"explicitly.":[180],"Alternatively,":[181],"weighted":[185],"subspace":[186],"projection":[187],"solve":[190],"simpler":[192],"converges":[195],"same":[198],"minimum-residual":[199],"solutions.":[200],"Testing":[201],"methods":[203],"variety":[206],"spectra,":[208],"accuracy":[212],"few":[215],"four":[217],"dimensions,":[218],"permitting":[219],"real-time":[220],"at":[222],"arbitrarily":[223],"high":[224],"resolutions":[226],"for":[227],"only":[232],"fraction":[234],"above":[235],"rendering.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}