{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4377996639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.2008.16.1.art00065","title":"Fast Colour2Grey","display_name":"Fast Colour2Grey","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4377996639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.2008.16.1.art00065"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/cic.2008.16.1.art00065","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.2008.16.1.art00065","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193667","display_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","issn_l":"2166-9635","issn":["2166-9635","2169-2629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111719319","display_name":"Ali Alsam","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali Alsam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052058643","display_name":"Mark S. Drew","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark S. Drew","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111719319"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7024,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7750457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"342","last_page":"346"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9693999886512756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.7404674887657166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.7098891735076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score":0.6313692331314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.6230420470237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensor","display_name":"Tensor (intrinsic definition)","score":0.5377417206764221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structure-tensor","display_name":"Structure tensor","score":0.5148860216140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4832940399646759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.44268497824668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.43209266662597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3985198140144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3790542185306549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.36438143253326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.23188677430152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22782430052757263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.19977319240570068}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.7404674887657166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.7098891735076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.6313692331314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6230420470237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155281189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518150","display_name":"Tensor (intrinsic definition)","level":2,"score":0.5377417206764221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113315163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7625159","display_name":"Structure tensor","level":3,"score":0.5148860216140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4832940399646759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44268497824668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.43209266662597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3985198140144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3790542185306549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.36438143253326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23188677430152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22782430052757263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.19977319240570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2352/cic.2008.16.1.art00065","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.2008.16.1.art00065","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193667","display_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","issn_l":"2166-9635","issn":["2166-9635","2169-2629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142009018","https://openalex.org/W2377162398","https://openalex.org/W1970762553","https://openalex.org/W2923923871","https://openalex.org/W2104995398","https://openalex.org/W2380025334","https://openalex.org/W1991310766","https://openalex.org/W2107910057","https://openalex.org/W2164646284","https://openalex.org/W2088255893"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"standard":[1,200],"approach":[2,132],"to":[3,8,80,108,139,156,227,250],"generating":[4,134],"a":[5,70,81,135,192,199,223,237],"greyscale":[6,136,224],"equivalent":[7],"an":[9,63,74,206],"input":[10],"colour":[11,95],"image":[12,21],"involves":[13],"calculating":[14,120],"the":[15,28,34,40,49,58,93,100,101,110,114,121,130,140,144,158,163,166,169,213,218,230,254],"so-called":[16],"structure":[17,225],"tensor":[18,159,193,226],"at":[19,89,176],"each":[20,65,148,177],"pixel.":[22],"Defining":[23],"contrast":[24],"as":[25],"associated":[26],"with":[27,39,44],"maximum-change":[29],"direction":[30],"of":[31,52,61,92,149,209],"this":[32],"matrix,":[33],"grey":[35],"gradient":[36,45,67,137,142],"is":[37,76,84,244,256],"identified":[38],"first":[41,115],"eigenvector":[42,75,123,131],"direction,":[43],"strength":[46],"given":[47,77],"by":[48,87,133],"square":[50],"root":[51],"its":[53],"eigenvalue.":[54],"However,":[55],"aside":[56],"from":[57,195],"inherent":[59],"complexity":[60],"such":[62,216],"approach,":[64,160],"pixel's":[66],"still":[68],"possesses":[69],"sign":[71,111],"ambiguity,":[72],"since":[73],"only":[78],"up":[79],"sign.":[82],"This":[83],"ostensibly":[85],"resolved":[86],"looking":[88],"how":[90,99],"one":[91],"R,G,B":[94,145],"channels":[96],"behaves,":[97],"or":[98],"luminance":[102],"changes.":[103],"Instead,":[104],"we":[105,127,161,179,190,203],"would":[106],"like":[107],"circumvent":[109],"problem":[112],"in":[113,147,153],"place,":[116],"and":[117,168,183,189,253],"also":[118,173],"avoid":[119],"costly":[122],"decomposition.":[124],"So":[125],"here":[126],"suggest":[128],"replacing":[129],"equal":[138],"maximum":[141,214],"amongst":[143],"gradients,":[146],"x,":[150],"y.":[151],"But":[152],"order":[154],"not":[155],"neglect":[157],"consider":[162,191],"relationship":[164],"between":[165],"complex":[167],"simple":[170,219,238],"approaches.":[171],"We":[172,234],"note":[174],"that,":[175],"pixel,":[178],"have":[180],"both":[181],"forward-facing":[182],"backward-facing":[184],"derivatives,":[185],"which":[186],"are":[187,248],"different,":[188],"formed":[194],"both.":[196],"Then,":[197],"over":[198],"training":[201],"set,":[202],"ask":[204],"for":[205,211],"optimum":[207],"set":[208],"weights":[210],"all":[212],"gradients":[215],"that":[217,236,240],"maxima":[220],"scheme":[221,239],"generates":[222],"best":[228],"match":[229],"original,":[231],"colour,":[232],"one.":[233],"find":[235],"facilitates":[241],"fast":[242],"solutions":[243],"best.":[245],"Greyscale":[246],"results":[247],"shown":[249],"be":[251],"excellent,":[252],"algorithm":[255],"very":[257],"fast.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2023-05-25T00:00:00"}
