{"id":"https://openalex.org/W68357367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.2004.12.1.art00046","title":"Evaluation of Smoothness in Color Gradation on Multiprimary Display","display_name":"Evaluation of Smoothness in Color Gradation on Multiprimary Display","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W68357367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.2004.12.1.art00046","mag":"68357367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/cic.2004.12.1.art00046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.2004.12.1.art00046","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/cic/12/1/art00046","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193667","display_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","issn_l":"2166-9635","issn":["2166-9635","2169-2629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/cic/12/1/art00046","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090579928","display_name":"Junya Takiue","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junya Takiue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078815748","display_name":"Shingo Sugino","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shingo Sugino","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102974159","display_name":"Yuri Murakami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8754-5913"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuri Murakami","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044331844","display_name":"Takashi Obi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9430-2728"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takashi Obi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009394089","display_name":"Masahiro Yamaguchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1001-4505"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masahiro Yamaguchi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033847686","display_name":"Nagaaki Ohyama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4297-2575"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nagaaki Ohyama","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090579928"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7035,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66964618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"257","last_page":"264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.970300018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamut","display_name":"Gamut","score":0.7910897731781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7519450187683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6956738829612732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradation","display_name":"Gradation","score":0.5903761386871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-difference","display_name":"Color difference","score":0.5785269737243652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5461680293083191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icc-profile","display_name":"ICC profile","score":0.4649884104728699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.4577057361602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothness","display_name":"Smoothness","score":0.44991230964660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact","display_name":"Artifact (error)","score":0.44975796341896057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.4291674494743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.41374316811561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dither","display_name":"Dither","score":0.41186654567718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-space","display_name":"Color space","score":0.406521201133728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39463263750076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.29355698823928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-model","display_name":"Color model","score":0.20089077949523926}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780061478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375857","display_name":"Gamut","level":2,"score":0.7910897731781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7519450187683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6956738829612732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29314403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15637103","display_name":"Gradation","level":2,"score":0.5903761386871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186991048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184883","display_name":"Color difference","level":3,"score":0.5785269737243652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5461680293083191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95143428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375296","display_name":"ICC profile","level":5,"score":0.4649884104728699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.4577057361602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102634674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868473","display_name":"Smoothness","level":2,"score":0.44991230964660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.44975796341896057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4291674494743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41374316811561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70451592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376493","display_name":"Dither","level":3,"score":0.41186654567718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2961294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166863","display_name":"Color space","level":3,"score":0.406521201133728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39463263750076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29355698823928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36262787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294018","display_name":"Color model","level":4,"score":0.20089077949523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9083635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133535","display_name":"Noise shaping","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2352/cic.2004.12.1.art00046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.2004.12.1.art00046","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/cic/12/1/art00046","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193667","display_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","issn_l":"2166-9635","issn":["2166-9635","2169-2629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:t2r2.star.titech.ac.jp:00104689","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://t2r2.star.titech.ac.jp/cgi-bin/publicationinfo.cgi?q_publication_content_number=CTT100499445","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196385","display_name":"Tokyo Tech Research Repository (Tokyo Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","host_organization_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:t2r2.star.titech.ac.jp:00110412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://t2r2.star.titech.ac.jp/cgi-bin/publicationinfo.cgi?q_publication_content_number=CTT100504864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196385","display_name":"Tokyo Tech Research Repository (Tokyo Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","host_organization_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:t2r2.star.titech.ac.jp:50400251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://t2r2.star.titech.ac.jp/cgi-bin/publicationinfo.cgi?q_publication_content_number=CTT100758032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196385","display_name":"Tokyo Tech Research Repository (Tokyo Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","host_organization_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/cic.2004.12.1.art00046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.2004.12.1.art00046","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/cic/12/1/art00046","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193667","display_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","issn_l":"2166-9635","issn":["2166-9635","2169-2629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W68357367.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W68357367.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013496019","https://openalex.org/W2490609370","https://openalex.org/W3170402548","https://openalex.org/W2403502930","https://openalex.org/W2396354641","https://openalex.org/W2059726301","https://openalex.org/W2763031256","https://openalex.org/W3160551146","https://openalex.org/W2036685707","https://openalex.org/W2121027647"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multiprimary":[0],"displays,":[1],"which":[2,48,75],"are":[3],"developed":[4],"recently,":[5],"enable":[6],"to":[7,32,57,136],"reproduce":[8,19,58],"expanded":[9],"color":[10,27,42,112,128,147],"gamut":[11],"using":[12,22],"more":[13],"than":[14],"three":[15],"primary":[16],"colors.":[17],"To":[18],"an":[20],"image":[21,85],"the":[23,84,103,108,111,119,127,138,141,146,157,161,169],"multiprimary":[24,34,54,88],"display,":[25],"a":[26,50,59,63,72,134],"conversion":[28,43,129,148],"algorithm":[29],"is":[30,66,76,95,100,164],"needed":[31],"generate":[33],"control":[35,55],"signals":[36,56],"from":[37,118],"colorimetric":[38],"tristimulus":[39],"values.":[40],"Several":[41],"algorithms":[44,149],"have":[45],"been":[46],"proposed,":[47],"give":[49],"unique":[51],"set":[52],"of":[53,87,110,115,140,160],"specified":[60],"color.":[61],"When":[62],"smooth":[64,92],"gradation":[65],"displayed,":[67],"however,":[68],"we":[69,132],"sometimes":[70],"perceive":[71],"contour-like":[73],"artifact,":[74],"called":[77],"“pseudo":[78],"contour.”":[79],"The":[80,97,152],"pseudo":[81,98,142,162],"contour":[82,99,143,163],"affects":[83],"quality":[86],"displays":[89],"especially":[90],"when":[91],"tonal":[93],"change":[94],"reproduced.":[96],"caused":[101],"by":[102],"device":[104],"profile":[105],"error":[106],"and":[107,144],"difference":[109],"matching":[113],"functions":[114],"actual":[116],"observers":[117],"standard":[120],"observer,":[121],"but":[122],"its":[123],"appearance":[124,139,159],"depends":[125],"on":[126],"algorithms.":[130],"Therefore,":[131],"propose":[133],"method":[135],"predict":[137],"evaluate":[145],"proposed":[150],"before.":[151],"experimental":[153],"results":[154],"demonstrate":[155],"that":[156],"predicted":[158],"in":[165],"good":[166],"agreement":[167],"with":[168],"visual":[170],"observation.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}