{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1574018557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.2002.10.1.art00008","title":"Meet iCAM: A Next-Generation Color Appearance Model","display_name":"Meet iCAM: A Next-Generation Color Appearance Model","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1574018557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.2002.10.1.art00008","mag":"1574018557"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/cic.2002.10.1.art00008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.2002.10.1.art00008","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/cic/10/1/art00008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193667","display_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","issn_l":"2166-9635","issn":["2166-9635","2169-2629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/cic/10/1/art00008","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044729411","display_name":"Mark D. Fairchild","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-3429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark D. Fairchild","raw_affiliation_strings":["Munsell Color Science Laboratory , Center for Imaging Science Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester New York","Rochester\u00a0Institute\u00a0of\u00a0Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Munsell Color Science Laboratory , Center for Imaging Science Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester\u00a0Institute\u00a0of\u00a0Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110469751","display_name":"Garrett Johnson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323093577","display_name":"BML Munjal University","ror":"https://ror.org/058ay3j75","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323093577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Garrett M. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Munsell Color Science Laboratory , Center for Imaging Science Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester New York","RIT Munsell Color Science Laboratory www","Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Munsell Color Science Laboratory , Center for Imaging Science Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIT Munsell Color Science Laboratory www","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323093577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.202,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95844843,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"33","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7104311585426331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tone-mapping","display_name":"Tone mapping","score":0.6958182454109192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.690336287021637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatic-adaptation","display_name":"Chromatic adaptation","score":0.6575289964675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-model","display_name":"Color model","score":0.6157631874084473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-difference","display_name":"Color difference","score":0.6034983396530151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.589123010635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-appearance-model","display_name":"Active appearance model","score":0.578062117099762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-space","display_name":"Color space","score":0.46354007720947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-image","display_name":"Color image","score":0.4495191276073456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-balance","display_name":"Color balance","score":0.4351135492324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.4334682822227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4321715235710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4236797094345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-dynamic-range","display_name":"High dynamic range","score":0.39166495203971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.23916849493980408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.21004194021224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.15312460064888}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7104311585426331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8641274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030958","display_name":"Tone mapping","level":4,"score":0.6958182454109192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.690336287021637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142268631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113729","display_name":"Chromatic adaptation","level":2,"score":0.6575289964675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36262787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294018","display_name":"Color model","level":4,"score":0.6157631874084473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186991048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184883","display_name":"Color difference","level":3,"score":0.6034983396530151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.589123010635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83248878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344000","display_name":"Active appearance model","level":3,"score":0.578062117099762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2961294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166863","display_name":"Color space","level":3,"score":0.46354007720947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142616399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148604","display_name":"Color image","level":4,"score":0.4495191276073456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159784718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182571","display_name":"Color balance","level":5,"score":0.4351135492324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.4334682822227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4321715235710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4236797094345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780056265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106239881","display_name":"High dynamic range","level":3,"score":0.39166495203971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23916849493980408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.21004194021224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.15312460064888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2352/cic.2002.10.1.art00008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.2002.10.1.art00008","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/cic/10/1/art00008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193667","display_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","issn_l":"2166-9635","issn":["2166-9635","2169-2629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.rit.edu:other-1109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.rit.edu/other/106","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.rit.edu/other/106","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402456","display_name":"RIT Scholar Works (Rochester Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","host_organization_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Presentations and other scholarship","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.105.6618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.105.6618","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.irisa.fr/prive/kadi/Ahad/iCAM.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.65.7195","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.65.7195","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cis.rit.edu/people/faculty/fairchild/PDFs/PRO14.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.8.2830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.8.2830","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cis.rit.edu/people/faculty/fairchild/PDFs/CICiCAM.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.86.9019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.86.9019","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cis.rit.edu/mcsl/icam/pub/iCAM_CIC10.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.rit.edu:other-1109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.rit.edu/other/106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402456","display_name":"RIT Scholar Works (Rochester Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","host_organization_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Presentations and other scholarship","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/cic.2002.10.1.art00008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.2002.10.1.art00008","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/cic/10/1/art00008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193667","display_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","issn_l":"2166-9635","issn":["2166-9635","2169-2629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1574018557.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1574018557.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26313285","https://openalex.org/W112398603","https://openalex.org/W123786569","https://openalex.org/W126295454","https://openalex.org/W163094912","https://openalex.org/W1489630993","https://openalex.org/W1511887962","https://openalex.org/W2025744541","https://openalex.org/W2041720664","https://openalex.org/W2056016381","https://openalex.org/W2087401004","https://openalex.org/W2117799401","https://openalex.org/W2132176181","https://openalex.org/W2144774647","https://openalex.org/W2150969685","https://openalex.org/W2404924165"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205306797","https://openalex.org/W2403426229","https://openalex.org/W2043454845","https://openalex.org/W2102179352","https://openalex.org/W235338991","https://openalex.org/W2400603124","https://openalex.org/W2078766564","https://openalex.org/W2079224662","https://openalex.org/W2246404217","https://openalex.org/W1574018557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"over":[1],"20":[2],"years,":[3],"color":[4,25,57,74,102,110,123,136,149,156,189],"appearance":[5,22,58,70,75,124,137,150,187],"models":[6,16,76],"have":[7,34],"evolved":[8],"to":[9,37,145],"the":[10,21,84,91,113,173,204,214],"point":[11],"of":[12,19,23,65,95,101,122,172,206],"international":[13],"standardization.":[14],"These":[15],"are":[17,77,105,175],"capable":[18],"predicting":[20],"spatially-simple":[24],"stimuli":[26],"under":[27],"a":[28,119,160],"wide":[29],"variety":[30],"viewing":[31,97],"conditions":[32],"and":[33,88,93,155,169,196],"been":[35,49,116],"applied":[36],"images":[38],"by":[39,83],"treating":[40],"each":[41],"pixel":[42],"as":[43,217],"an":[44],"independent":[45],"stimulus.":[46],"It":[47,200],"has":[48,115],"more":[50,62,79],"recently":[51],"recognized":[52],"that":[53,180,203],"revolutionary":[54],"advances":[55],"in":[56,90,141,159,213],"modeling":[59],"would":[60],"require":[61],"rigorous":[63],"treatment":[64],"spatial":[66,152],"(and":[67],"perhaps":[68],"temporal)":[69],"phenomena.":[71],"In":[72],"addition,":[73],"often":[78],"complex":[80],"than":[81],"warranted":[82],"available":[85],"visual":[86],"data":[87,219],"limitations":[89],"accuracy":[92],"precision":[94],"practical":[96,165],"conditions.":[98],"Lastly,":[99],"issues":[100],"difference":[103,157],"measurement":[104],"typically":[106],"treated":[107],"separate":[108],"from":[109],"appearance.":[111],"Thus,":[112],"stage":[114],"set":[117],"for":[118,134,164,184],"new":[120,218],"generation":[121],"models.":[125],"This":[126],"paper":[127],"presents":[128],"one":[129],"such":[130],"model":[131,161,174,208],"called":[132],"iCAM,":[133],"image":[135,197],"model.":[138],"The":[139,167],"objectives":[140],"formulating":[142],"iCAM":[143],"were":[144],"simultaneously":[146],"provide":[147],"traditional":[148],"capabilities,":[151],"vision":[153],"attributes,":[154],"metrics,":[158],"simple":[162],"enough":[163],"applications.":[166],"framework":[168,209],"initial":[170],"implementation":[171,205],"presented":[176],"along":[177],"with":[178],"examples":[179],"illustrate":[181],"its":[182],"performance":[183],"chromatic":[185],"adaptation,":[186],"scales,":[188],"difference,":[190],"crispening,":[191],"spreading,":[192],"high-dynamic-range":[193],"tone":[194],"mapping,":[195],"quality":[198],"measurement.":[199],"is":[201],"expected":[202],"this":[207],"will":[210],"be":[211],"refined":[212],"coming":[215],"years":[216],"become":[220],"available.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
