{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2170952751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.1997.5.1.art00039","title":"Specifying color differences in a linear color space (LEF)","display_name":"Specifying color differences in a linear color space (LEF)","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2170952751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.1997.5.1.art00039","mag":"2170952751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/cic.1997.5.1.art00039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/cic.1997.5.1.art00039","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/cic/5/1/art00039","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193667","display_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","issn_l":"2166-9635","issn":["2166-9635","2169-2629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/cic/5/1/art00039","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023744523","display_name":"Nicolas Rudaz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Rudaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale , Lausanne Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale , Lausanne Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108536482","display_name":"Roger D. Hersch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. D. Hersch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale , Lausanne Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale , Lausanne Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002605287","display_name":"V. Ostromoukhov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Ostromoukhov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale , Lausanne Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale , Lausanne Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4058113,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"197","last_page":"202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9520000219345093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-space","display_name":"Color space","score":0.8220517635345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hue","display_name":"Hue","score":0.8190470933914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.7364494800567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-color","display_name":"Spectral color","score":0.720885694026947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-difference","display_name":"Color difference","score":0.6803700923919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-model","display_name":"Color model","score":0.6099866628646851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-balance","display_name":"Color balance","score":0.6083623170852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chrominance","display_name":"Chrominance","score":0.6071276068687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5867388248443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminance","display_name":"Luminance","score":0.5802047848701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5775918960571289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5582811236381531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-depth","display_name":"Color depth","score":0.5410209894180298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-space","display_name":"RGB color space","score":0.4861897826194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-histogram","display_name":"Color histogram","score":0.47262832522392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icc-profile","display_name":"ICC profile","score":0.4504033029079437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtractive-color","display_name":"Subtractive color","score":0.42161041498184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41053956747055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-image","display_name":"Color image","score":0.3597796559333801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.25133103132247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.179835706949234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.08585265278816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.07652029395103455}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2961294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166863","display_name":"Color space","level":3,"score":0.8220517635345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126537357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372948","display_name":"Hue","level":2,"score":0.8190470933914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.7364494800567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97991835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910300","display_name":"Spectral color","level":5,"score":0.720885694026947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186991048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184883","display_name":"Color difference","level":3,"score":0.6803700923919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36262787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294018","display_name":"Color model","level":4,"score":0.6099866628646851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159784718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182571","display_name":"Color balance","level":5,"score":0.6083623170852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163204269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355263","display_name":"Chrominance","level":3,"score":0.6071276068687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5867388248443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73313986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386","display_name":"Luminance","level":2,"score":0.5802047848701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5775918960571289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5582811236381531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91522604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690110","display_name":"Color depth","level":5,"score":0.5410209894180298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84216515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375677","display_name":"RGB color space","level":5,"score":0.4861897826194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12043971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2636542","display_name":"Color histogram","level":5,"score":0.47262832522392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95143428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375296","display_name":"ICC profile","level":5,"score":0.4504033029079437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150799807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374081","display_name":"Subtractive color","level":2,"score":0.42161041498184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41053956747055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142616399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148604","display_name":"Color image","level":4,"score":0.3597796559333801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.25133103132247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.179835706949234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.08585265278816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.07652029395103455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2352/cic.1997.5.1.art00039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/cic.1997.5.1.art00039","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/cic/5/1/art00039","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193667","display_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","issn_l":"2166-9635","issn":["2166-9635","2169-2629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.tind.io:99814","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/99814","pdf_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/99814/files/scdialcs_.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/cic.1997.5.1.art00039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/cic.1997.5.1.art00039","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/cic/5/1/art00039","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193667","display_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","issn_l":"2166-9635","issn":["2166-9635","2169-2629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2170952751.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2170952751.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44751501","https://openalex.org/W2294734483","https://openalex.org/W2405051079"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3170402548","https://openalex.org/W2916810246","https://openalex.org/W1975914994","https://openalex.org/W2384488091","https://openalex.org/W2377333087","https://openalex.org/W3123096349","https://openalex.org/W2145332469","https://openalex.org/W3198104320","https://openalex.org/W4377836665","https://openalex.org/W2526412045"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,28,34,65,69,76],"novel":[4],"way":[5],"of":[6,86],"generating":[7],"color":[8,14,18,41,67,70,81,95,101,110],"differences":[9,102,116,128],"for":[10,78,103],"synthesizing":[11],"artistically":[12,108],"screened":[13,109],"images.":[15],"A":[16],"single":[17],"is":[19,72],"specified":[20],"by":[21,47,55],"interacting":[22],"with":[23],"the":[24,39,48,87],"mouse":[25],"alternately":[26],"on":[27,33],"constant":[29,35],"luminance":[30,115],"plane":[31,37],"and":[32,54,58],"hue":[36,125],"within":[38],"LEF":[40],"space":[42,45],"(the":[43],"orthogonal":[44],"formed":[46],"RGB":[49,88],"cube's":[50],"black-white":[51],"axis":[52],"(L)":[53],"its":[56],"E":[57],"F":[59],"chrominance":[60],"axes).":[61],"By":[62],"interactively":[63],"selecting":[64],"second":[66],"point,":[68],"difference":[71,82],"specified.":[73],"We":[74],"present":[75],"method":[77],"extrapolating":[79],"this":[80],"throughout":[83],"all":[84],"colors":[85],"cube":[89],"so":[90],"as":[91],"to":[92],"generate":[93,118,132],"consistent":[94],"differences,":[96,122],"i.e.":[97],"smoothly":[98],"varying":[99],"similar":[100],"different":[104],"colors.":[105],"The":[106],"produced":[107],"patches":[111],"show":[112],"that":[113],"significant":[114,119,124,133],"always":[117,131],"visually":[120,134],"perceived":[121,135],"whereas":[123],"and/or":[126],"saturation":[127],"do":[129],"not":[130],"differences.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}