{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1026175457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.1997.5.1.art00002","title":"Color by Correlation","display_name":"Color by Correlation","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1026175457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.1997.5.1.art00002","mag":"1026175457"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/cic.1997.5.1.art00002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.1997.5.1.art00002","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/cic/5/1/art00002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193667","display_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","issn_l":"2166-9635","issn":["2166-9635","2169-2629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/cic/5/1/art00002","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080437616","display_name":"Graham D. Finlayson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4040-0554"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graham D. Finlayson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051783494","display_name":"Paul M. Hubel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul M. Hubel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113558447","display_name":"Steven D. Hordley","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Hordley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":44.1798,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":90,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99967352,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"6","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.7894999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.7894999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.7840999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5197502970695496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3508947491645813}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5197502970695496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3508947491645813}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2352/cic.1997.5.1.art00002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.1997.5.1.art00002","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/cic/5/1/art00002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193667","display_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","issn_l":"2166-9635","issn":["2166-9635","2169-2629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:22996","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/22996/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"mag:1026175457","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-portal.uea.ac.uk/en/publications/color-by-correlation","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306417911","display_name":"Color Imaging Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"Color Imaging Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/cic.1997.5.1.art00002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/cic.1997.5.1.art00002","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/cic/5/1/art00002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193667","display_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","issn_l":"2166-9635","issn":["2166-9635","2169-2629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Color and Imaging Conference","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1026175457.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2139698815","https://openalex.org/W2052090926","https://openalex.org/W52437429","https://openalex.org/W2109341431","https://openalex.org/W2126629925","https://openalex.org/W2162749542","https://openalex.org/W2147933509","https://openalex.org/W2051826135","https://openalex.org/W2076205488","https://openalex.org/W1491192762","https://openalex.org/W2164847484","https://openalex.org/W2122243061","https://openalex.org/W2107558608","https://openalex.org/W1989811281","https://openalex.org/W2091986700","https://openalex.org/W1513984747","https://openalex.org/W2111060758","https://openalex.org/W2099111277","https://openalex.org/W2064239615","https://openalex.org/W48233118"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Under":[0],"a":[1,7,16,92,155,184,207,212,223],"large":[2],"variety":[3],"of":[4,14,19,25,28,55,95,163,188,191],"scene":[5,57,118,193],"illuminants,":[6],"human":[8],"observer":[9],"sees":[10],"the":[11,26,53,56,61,104,110,123,132,139,146,167,189,192],"same":[12],"range":[13],"colors;":[15],"white":[17,23],"piece":[18],"paper":[20,89],"remains":[21],"resolutely":[22],"independent":[24],"color":[27,37,45,54,62,67,86,96,190,220],"light":[29,135],"under":[30,131],"which":[31,101],"it":[32,179],"is":[33,65,80,180,206],"seen.":[34],"In":[35],"contrast,":[36],"imaging":[38],"systems":[39],"(e.g.":[40],"digital":[41],"cameras)":[42],"are":[43],"less":[44],"constant":[46],"in":[47,106],"that":[48,112,138,178,214],"they":[49],"will":[50],"often":[51],"infer":[52],"illuminant":[58],"incorrectly.":[59],"Unless":[60],"constancy":[63],"problem":[64,213],"solved,":[66],"appearance":[68],"models":[69],"cannot":[70],"be":[71],"used":[72],"to":[73,154,182,211],"guide":[74],"image":[75,115,171],"processing,":[76],"and":[77,117,173],"such":[78],"processing":[79],"necessary":[81],"for":[82,103,221],"accurate":[83,186],"(and":[84],"acceptable)":[85],"reproduction.In":[87],"this":[88],"we":[90,136,176],"present":[91],"new":[93],"theory":[94],"constancy,":[97],"Color":[98],"by":[99,108,195],"Correlation,":[100],"solves":[102],"white-point":[105],"images":[107],"exploiting":[109],"correlation":[111,168],"exists":[113],"between":[114,169],"colors":[116,162,172],"illuminants.":[119],"For":[120],"example,":[121],"because":[122],"reddest":[124,133,140,147],"red":[125,134],"camera":[126,141,151],"measurement":[127,142],"can":[128],"only":[129,198],"occur":[130],"say":[137],"correlates":[143],"strongly":[144],"with":[145,160],"light.":[148,164],"Importantly":[149],"all":[150,170,174],"measurements":[152],"correlate":[153],"greater":[156],"or":[157],"lesser":[158],"degree":[159],"different":[161],"By":[165],"examining":[166],"lights":[175],"show":[177],"possible":[181],"make":[183],"very":[185],"estimate":[187],"illuminant.Color":[194],"Correlation":[196],"not":[197],"performs":[199],"significantly":[200],"better":[201],"than":[202],"other":[203],"methods":[204],"but":[205],"simple,":[208],"elegant":[209],"solution":[210],"has":[215],"eluded":[216],"scientists":[217],"working":[218],"on":[219],"over":[222],"century.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
