{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6888772440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2312/sbm/sbm04/107-116","title":"Can Machines Interpret Line Drawings?","display_name":"Can Machines Interpret Line Drawings?","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6888772440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2312/sbm/sbm04/107-116"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2312/sbm/sbm04/107-116","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/sbm/sbm04/107-116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"other","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/sbm/sbm04/107-116","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Varley, P. A. C.","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Varley, P. A. C.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Suzuki, H.","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suzuki, H.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Martin, R. R.","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin, R. R.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":null,"topics":[],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.8766000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5810999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.5613999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4611000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-drawings","display_name":"Line drawings","score":0.43160000443458557}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.8766000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6183000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5810999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5613999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4611000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983864324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16872183","display_name":"Line drawings","level":2,"score":0.43160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019666875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455037","display_name":"Assembly line","level":2,"score":0.24050000309944153}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2312/sbm/sbm04/107-116","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/sbm/sbm04/107-116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2312/sbm/sbm04/107-116","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/sbm/sbm04/107-116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Engineering":[0],"design":[1],"would":[2],"be":[3,34,89,126,145,164],"easier":[4],"if":[5],"a":[6,92,141],"computer":[7],"could":[8],"interpret":[9],"initial":[10],"concept":[11],"drawings.":[12],"We":[13,45,150],"outline":[14],"an":[15,99],"approach":[16],"for":[17,128],"automated":[18],"interpretation":[19,73,107,137],"of":[20,23,60,80,94,108,110,116,121,154,158],"line":[21],"drawings":[22,120],"polyhedra,":[24],"and":[25,40,63,82,113,157],"summarise":[26],"what":[27,31],"is":[28,138],"already":[29],"possible,":[30],"developments":[32],"can":[33,88,125],"expected":[35],"in":[36],"the":[37,57,61,78,86,135],"near":[38],"future,":[39],"which":[41],"areas":[42],"remain":[43],"problematic.":[44],"illustrate":[46],"this":[47],"with":[48],"particular":[49],"reference":[50],"to":[51,68,140],"our":[52,155],"own":[53],"system,":[54],"RIBALD,":[55],"summarising":[56],"published":[58],"state":[59],"art,":[62],"discussing":[64],"recent":[65],"unpublished":[66],"improvements":[67],"RIBALD.":[69],"In":[70],"general,":[71],"successful":[72],"depends":[74],"on":[75],"two":[76],"factors:":[77],"number":[79],"lines,":[81,118],"whether":[83],"or":[84,101],"not":[85],"drawing":[87],"classified":[90],"as":[91],"member":[93],"special":[95],"shape":[96],"class":[97],"(e.g.":[98],"extrusion":[100],"normalon).":[102],"The":[103],"state-of-the-art":[104],"achieves":[105],"correct":[106],"extrusions":[109],"any":[111],"size":[112],"most":[114],"normalons":[115],"20\u009630":[117],"but":[119,143],"only":[122],"10\u009620":[123],"lines":[124],"problematic":[127],"unclassified":[129],"objects.Despite":[130],"successes,":[131],"there":[132],"are":[133],"caseswhere":[134,160],"desired":[136],"obvious":[139],"human":[142,161],"cannot":[144,163],"determined":[146],"by":[147],"currently-available":[148],"algorithms.":[149],"give":[151],"examples":[152],"both":[153],"successes":[156],"typical":[159],"skill":[162],"replicated.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
