{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2285650540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2312/localchapterevents/tpcg/tpcguk05/105-111","title":"Towards Realism in Facial Image Prototyping: Results of a Wavelet MRF Method","display_name":"Towards Realism in Facial Image Prototyping: Results of a Wavelet MRF Method","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2285650540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2312/localchapterevents/tpcg/tpcguk05/105-111","mag":"2285650540"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.565.9683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.565.9683","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://archive.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/papers/download/TSP06a.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/localchapterevents/tpcg/tpcguk05/105-111","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050006263","display_name":"Bernard Tiddeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7570-1192"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tiddeman, Bernard","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057195704","display_name":"Michael Stirrat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3796-6266"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stirrat, Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023849740","display_name":"David I. Perrett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6025-0939"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Perrett, David","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050006263"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"105","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-random-field","display_name":"Markov random field","score":0.7597253322601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7554564476013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6179990172386169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5973764657974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-warping","display_name":"Image warping","score":0.5718753933906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5689346194267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.5153645873069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4280727505683899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42707863450050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.34102487564086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32783788442611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.2393823266029358}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778045648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176827","display_name":"Markov random field","level":4,"score":0.7597253322601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7554564476013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6179990172386169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5973764657974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157202957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1659609","display_name":"Image warping","level":2,"score":0.5718753933906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5689346194267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.5153645873069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4280727505683899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42707863450050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34102487564086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32783788442611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.2393823266029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.565.9683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.565.9683","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://archive.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/papers/download/TSP06a.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.2312/localchapterevents/tpcg/tpcguk05/105-111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/localchapterevents/tpcg/tpcguk05/105-111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2285650540","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/files/publications/download/TSP06a.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306533090","display_name":"TPCG","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"TPCG","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2312/localchapterevents/tpcg/tpcguk05/105-111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/localchapterevents/tpcg/tpcguk05/105-111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W127868344","https://openalex.org/W1595098843","https://openalex.org/W1991274888","https://openalex.org/W2004586799","https://openalex.org/W2023408799","https://openalex.org/W2028555274","https://openalex.org/W2038359451","https://openalex.org/W2038952578","https://openalex.org/W2042371054","https://openalex.org/W2047602195","https://openalex.org/W2050002311","https://openalex.org/W2062119563","https://openalex.org/W2065301447","https://openalex.org/W2070320140","https://openalex.org/W2072209803","https://openalex.org/W2078776028","https://openalex.org/W2078790577","https://openalex.org/W2099835437","https://openalex.org/W2105133054","https://openalex.org/W2115457941","https://openalex.org/W2116013899","https://openalex.org/W2118095477","https://openalex.org/W2124111890","https://openalex.org/W2125027853","https://openalex.org/W2129905273","https://openalex.org/W2132746638","https://openalex.org/W2134849909","https://openalex.org/W2136074653","https://openalex.org/W2143696753","https://openalex.org/W2152679347","https://openalex.org/W2166125343","https://openalex.org/W2232702494","https://openalex.org/W3124884148"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W41289496","https://openalex.org/W2158809184","https://openalex.org/W275965812","https://openalex.org/W3161191746","https://openalex.org/W2094627488","https://openalex.org/W2075869152","https://openalex.org/W88817261","https://openalex.org/W1523508022","https://openalex.org/W2920361923","https://openalex.org/W2498890493","https://openalex.org/W2973103935","https://openalex.org/W2963201933","https://openalex.org/W2953275260","https://openalex.org/W2150014011","https://openalex.org/W2003019224","https://openalex.org/W2902489355","https://openalex.org/W1637673107","https://openalex.org/W2750687955","https://openalex.org/W2082014491","https://openalex.org/W2885325429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"ability":[1],"to":[2,6,42,132,137],"combine":[3],"multiple":[4,65],"images":[5],"produce":[7],"a":[8,28,37,54,97,106,117],"composite":[9],"that":[10,159,161],"is":[11],"representative":[12],"of":[13,30,39,61,80,124],"the":[14,48,59,70,78,81,87,91,134,138,141,162],"set":[15,93],"has":[16],"applications":[17],"in":[18,47,90],"psychology":[19],"research,":[20],"medical":[21],"imaging":[22],"and":[23,33,109,112,129],"entertainment.":[24],"Current":[25],"techniques":[26],"using":[27,116,156],"combination":[29],"image":[31],"warping":[32],"blending":[34,64],"suffer":[35],"from":[36,86],"lack":[38],"realism":[40,166],"due":[41],"unrealistic":[43],"or":[44],"inappropriate":[45],"textures":[46,62],"output":[49],"images.":[50,67],"This":[51,120],"paper":[52],"describes":[53],"new":[55,163],"method":[56],"for":[57,74,140],"improving":[58],"representation":[60],"when":[63],"facial":[66],"We":[68,104,152],"select":[69],"most":[71],"likely":[72],"value":[73],"each":[75],"pixel,":[76],"given":[77],"values":[79,89,125],"neighbouring":[82],"pixels,":[83],"by":[84],"learning":[85],"corresponding":[88],"training":[92],"i.e.":[94],"we":[95],"use":[96,105],"Markov":[98],"Random":[99],"Field":[100],"(MRF)":[101],"texture":[102,147],"model.":[103],"multi-scale":[107],"neighbourhood":[108],"separate":[110],"low":[111],"high":[113],"frequency":[114],"information":[115],"wavelet":[118],"transform.":[119],"ensures":[121],"proper":[122],"correlations":[123],"across":[126],"spatial":[127],"scales":[128],"allows":[130],"us":[131],"bias":[133],"global":[135],"appearance":[136],"mean":[139],"set,":[142],"while":[143],"selecting":[144],"more":[145],"specific":[146],"components":[148],"at":[149],"higher":[150],"resolutions.":[151],"validate":[153],"our":[154],"results":[155],"perceptual":[157],"testing":[158],"shows":[160],"prototypes":[164],"improve":[165],"over":[167],"previous":[168],"techniques.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}