{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2158504073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2312/localchapterevents/italchap/italianchapconf2007/167-172","title":"Methods for Spatial Data Quality of 3D City Models","display_name":"Methods for Spatial Data Quality of 3D City Models","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2158504073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2312/localchapterevents/italchap/italianchapconf2007/167-172","mag":"2158504073"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-54417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-54417.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer IGD","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/localchapterevents/italchap/italianchapconf2007/167-172","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042787920","display_name":"Michel Kr\u00e4mer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2775-5844"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kr\u00e4mer, Michel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012836439","display_name":"J\u00f6rg Haist","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haist, J\u00f6rg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083263757","display_name":"Thorsten Reitz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reitz, Thorsten","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042787920"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"167","last_page":"172"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7797117829322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5248054265975952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.4953988790512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.47279709577560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-quality","display_name":"Data quality","score":0.46507760882377625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plan","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","score":0.455535888671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4354189932346344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.4329259693622589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formalism","display_name":"Formalism (music)","score":0.4122297465801239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4037397503852844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.2487148642539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.13083305954933167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10800722241401672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7797117829322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5248054265975952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.4953988790512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.47279709577560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.46507760882377625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.455535888671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4354189932346344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.4329259693622589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.4122297465801239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4037397503852844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2487148642539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.13083305954933167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10800722241401672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-54417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-54417.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer IGD","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/354359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/354359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"},{"id":"doi:10.2312/localchapterevents/italchap/italianchapconf2007/167-172","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/localchapterevents/italchap/italianchapconf2007/167-172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2158504073","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/egItaly/egItaly2007.html#KramerHR07","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306418298","display_name":"Eurographics, Italian Chapter Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"Eurographics, Italian Chapter Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2312/localchapterevents/italchap/italianchapconf2007/167-172","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/localchapterevents/italchap/italianchapconf2007/167-172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W620414775","https://openalex.org/W1486351174","https://openalex.org/W1532464274","https://openalex.org/W1656169455","https://openalex.org/W2010015496","https://openalex.org/W2120359397","https://openalex.org/W2157270587"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014392933","https://openalex.org/W98820564","https://openalex.org/W2095207764","https://openalex.org/W2550674146","https://openalex.org/W2960762722","https://openalex.org/W31291550","https://openalex.org/W2507100990","https://openalex.org/W2384235216","https://openalex.org/W2951526333","https://openalex.org/W2186295625","https://openalex.org/W188858734","https://openalex.org/W249947880","https://openalex.org/W2355374218","https://openalex.org/W88334678","https://openalex.org/W417460601","https://openalex.org/W136569951","https://openalex.org/W2111842982","https://openalex.org/W51935687","https://openalex.org/W2360031357","https://openalex.org/W2019966092"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3D":[0,47],"city":[1,48,56],"models":[2],"are":[3],"nowadays":[4],"used":[5,38],"in":[6,121],"very":[7],"different":[8,53,75],"applications.":[9],"Due":[10],"to":[11,84,98,101],"this,":[12],"the":[13,18,58,60,64,74,119],"commercial":[14],"exchange":[15],"and,":[16],"thus,":[17],"demand":[19],"for":[20,39,87,118],"high":[21],"quality":[22,32,41,76,133],"data":[23,66,93,129],"becomes":[24],"more":[25,27],"and":[26,63,89],"important.":[28],"We":[29],"describe":[30],"a":[31],"model":[33],"that":[34],"defines":[35],"common":[36],"parameters":[37,77],"spatial":[40,92],"measurement,":[42],"especially":[43],"when":[44],"dealing":[45],"with":[46],"models.":[49],"Therefore,":[50],"we":[51,123],"explore":[52],"representations":[54],"of":[55,91],"models:":[57],"reality,":[59],"user's":[61],"idea":[62],"digital":[65],"set.":[67],"A":[68],"welldefined":[69],"mathematical":[70],"formalism":[71,81],"which":[72,105,122],"addresses":[73],"is":[78,97],"presented.":[79],"This":[80],"also":[82],"helps":[83],"create":[85],"algorithms":[86],"measurement":[88],"improvement":[90],"quality.":[94],"The":[95,112],"aim":[96],"be":[99,107],"able":[100],"define":[102],"uniformed":[103],"criteria":[104],"can":[106],"easily":[108],"transformed":[109],"into":[110],"software.":[111],"implemented":[113],"prototype":[114],"serves":[115],"as":[116],"base":[117],"evaluation":[120],"provide":[124],"examples":[125],"based":[126],"on":[127],"actual":[128],"sets":[130],"using":[131],"typical":[132],"requirements.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
