{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6907669530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2312/gch.20231152","title":"High Resolution 2D-/3D-Scanning and Deep Learning Segmentation for Digitization of Fragmented Wall Paintings","display_name":"High Resolution 2D-/3D-Scanning and Deep Learning Segmentation for Digitization of Fragmented Wall Paintings","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6907669530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2312/gch.20231152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2312/gch.20231152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/gch.20231152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":""},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/gch.20231152","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kroeger, Ole","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8211-3815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148503","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/045eg9c12","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148503","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kroeger, Ole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8211-3815","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Krumpek, Oliver","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148503","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/045eg9c12","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148503","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krumpek, Oliver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Koch, Paul","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koch, Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pape, Martin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pape, Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Schneider, Jan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Schneider, Jan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kr\u00fcger, J\u00f6rg","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kr\u00fcger, J\u00f6rg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1123,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46674224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9642000198364258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9642000198364258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitization","display_name":"Digitization","score":0.7026000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6050999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/painting","display_name":"Painting","score":0.504800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanner","display_name":"Scanner","score":0.41519999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4025999903678894}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7088000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779308522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843958","display_name":"Digitization","level":2,"score":0.7026000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6456000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6050999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205783811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11629","display_name":"Painting","level":2,"score":0.504800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474480","display_name":"Scanner","level":2,"score":0.41519999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4025999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32653426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Background subtraction","level":3,"score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.397599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.3919000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42781572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250322","display_name":"Digital image","level":4,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779705975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62927","display_name":"Digital camera","level":2,"score":0.31290000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112416745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974213","display_name":"Digital imaging","level":5,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163985040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172399","display_name":"Data acquisition","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2312/gch.20231152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/gch.20231152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2312/gch.20231152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/gch.20231152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":""},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7544708847999573,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,41,95,123,147,169,232,249],"preservation":[1,261],"and":[2,57,81,102,117,138,152,162,175,198,224,234,242,262,270],"study":[3,26,253],"of":[4,12,43,60,78,84,92,119,125,131,140,144,156,186,213,229,251,258],"mural":[5],"wall":[6,30,63,246],"paintings":[7],"often":[8],"involve":[9],"the":[10,21,36,54,61,79,85,93,106,120,129,141,145,157,184,211,244,256,267],"collection":[11],"numerous":[13],"fragments":[14],"with":[15,88],"unknown":[16],"context.":[17],"In":[18],"this":[19,44,126,252],"paper":[20,127],"authors":[22],"present":[23],"a":[24,28,49,89,100,132],"case":[25],"involving":[27],"Roman":[29,62],"painting":[31,64,247],"discovered":[32],"in":[33,181,240],"2013":[34],"at":[35],"European":[37],"Cultural":[38],"Park":[39],"Bliesbruck-Reinheim.":[40],"objective":[42],"work":[45],"was":[46,71],"to":[47,255,275],"develop":[48],"semi-automated":[50],"assistance":[51],"system":[52,70,170],"for":[53,105,115,135,150,190],"digitization,":[55],"visualization,":[56],"digital":[58,121],"repositioning":[59,118],"fragments.":[65,122,146,248],"Therefore":[66],"an":[67,111],"easy-to-use":[68],"scanner":[69],"developed,":[72],"that":[73],"captures":[74],"high-resolution":[75,218],"2D":[76],"images":[77,219],"front":[80,142],"back":[82],"surfaces":[83],"fragments,":[86,158],"along":[87],"height":[90],"map":[91],"backside.":[94],"contributing":[96],"partners":[97],"also":[98],"developed":[99,268],"control":[101],"operating":[103],"software":[104,113],"scanner,":[107],"as":[108,110,266],"well":[109],"automated":[112],"platform":[114],"visualization":[116],"contributions":[124],"include":[128],"introduction":[130],"ML-based":[133],"algorithm":[134],"background":[136],"subtraction":[137],"segmentation":[139,189,235],"surface":[143,202],"technical":[148],"realisation":[149],"fast":[151],"accurate":[153],"image":[154,188],"acquisition":[155],"including":[159],"sensor":[160],"registration":[161],"highresolution":[163],"capture,":[164],"has":[165],"been":[166],"worked":[167],"out.":[168],"calibration":[171],"process,":[172],"hardware":[173],"setup":[174],"data":[176],"correction":[177],"techniques":[178],"are":[179,205,272],"described":[180],"detail.":[182],"Additionally,":[183],"challenges":[185],"pixel-wise":[187],"distinguishing":[191],"between":[192],"background,":[193],"inner":[194],"contour":[195,200],"(wall":[196],"painting),":[197],"outer":[199],"(fragment":[201],"without":[203],"painting)":[204],"discussed.":[206],"Our":[207],"proposed":[208],"approach":[209],"overcomes":[210],"limitations":[212],"training":[214,223],"ML":[215],"algorithms":[216],"on":[217],"by":[220],"employing":[221],"patch-wise":[222],"leveraging":[225],"small":[226],"features":[227],"instead":[228],"large-scale":[230],"features.":[231],"digitization":[233,277],"process":[236],"demonstrated":[237],"promising":[238],"results":[239],"preserving":[241],"reconstructing":[243],"roman":[245],"findings":[250],"contribute":[254],"field":[257],"cultural":[259],"heritage":[260],"provide":[263],"valuable":[264],"insights":[265],"equipment":[269],"methods":[271],"highly":[273],"transferable":[274],"future":[276],"projects.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
