{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6907609061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2312/egwr/egsr05/147-156","title":"Bidirectional Importance Sampling for Direct Illumination","display_name":"Bidirectional Importance Sampling for Direct Illumination","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6907609061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2312/egwr/egsr05/147-156"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2312/egwr/egsr05/147-156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/egwr/egsr05/147-156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"other","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/egwr/egsr05/147-156","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Burke, David","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Burke, David","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ghosh, Abhijeet","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghosh, Abhijeet","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Heidrich, Wolfgang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heidrich, Wolfgang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":null,"topics":[],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-reflectance-distribution-function","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","score":0.8313999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-illumination","display_name":"Global illumination","score":0.7613000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.7343000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specular-reflection","display_name":"Specular reflection","score":0.6220999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specular-highlight","display_name":"Specular highlight","score":0.6201000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.5256999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-based-lighting","display_name":"Image-based lighting","score":0.5069000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.47189998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.4413999915122986}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151596937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856980","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","level":3,"score":0.8313999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89720835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531701","display_name":"Global illumination","level":3,"score":0.7613000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.7343000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.632099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118381688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079524","display_name":"Specular reflection","level":2,"score":0.6220999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50045419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575328","display_name":"Specular highlight","level":3,"score":0.6201000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6126999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5372999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.5256999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204060014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002069","display_name":"Image-based lighting","level":4,"score":0.5069000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.47189998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.4413999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.4180999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52740198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1539564","display_name":"Importance sampling","level":3,"score":0.4027000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.39730000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116921373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2816483","display_name":"Real-time rendering","level":3,"score":0.34549999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44185422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002064","display_name":"Image-based modeling and rendering","level":3,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118732332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27575","display_name":"Color rendering index","level":3,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780061478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375857","display_name":"Gamut","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36816356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16911860","display_name":"3D rendering","level":3,"score":0.25540000200271606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2312/egwr/egsr05/147-156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/egwr/egsr05/147-156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2312/egwr/egsr05/147-156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/egwr/egsr05/147-156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image-based":[0],"representations":[1],"for":[2,21,41,120],"illumination":[3,23,31],"can":[4],"capture":[5],"complex":[6],"real-world":[7],"lighting":[8],"that":[9],"is":[10,47],"difficult":[11],"to":[12,103],"represent":[13],"in":[14,26,65],"other":[15],"forms.":[16],"Current":[17],"importance":[18,63],"sampling":[19,118],"strategies":[20,119],"image-based":[22],"have":[24],"difficulties":[25],"cases":[27],"where":[28],"both":[29,75],"the":[30,33,59,71,76,80,88,97,121],"and":[32,79,127],"surface":[34,46,77],"BRDF":[35],"contain":[36],"important":[37],"high-frequency":[38],"detail":[39],"\u0096":[40,129,134,138],"example,":[42],"when":[43],"a":[44,109],"specular":[45],"illuminated":[48],"by":[49],"an":[50],"environment":[51],"map":[52],"containing":[53],"small":[54],"light":[55,81],"sources.":[56],"We":[57],"introduce":[58],"notion":[60],"of":[61,74,99],"bidirectional":[62],"sampling,":[64],"which":[66],"samples":[67],"are":[68],"drawn":[69],"from":[70],"product":[72],"distribution":[73],"reflectance":[78],"source":[82],"energy.":[83],"While":[84],"this":[85],"approach":[86],"makes":[87],"sample":[89],"selection":[90],"process":[91],"more":[92],"expensive,":[93],"we":[94,111],"drastically":[95],"reduce":[96],"number":[98],"visibility":[100],"tests":[101],"required":[102],"obtain":[104],"good":[105],"image":[106],"quality.":[107],"As":[108],"consequence,":[110],"achieve":[112],"significant":[113],"quality":[114],"improvements":[115],"over":[116],"previous":[117],"same":[122],"compute":[123],"time.":[124],"Keywords:":[125],"Methods":[126],"Applications":[128],"Monte":[130],"Carlo":[131],"Techniques;":[132],"Rendering":[133,137],"Ray":[135],"Tracing;":[136],"Global":[139],"Illumination.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}