{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1502222766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2312/egve/jvrc09/121-128","title":"Higher Levels of Immersion Improve Procedure Memorization Performance","display_name":"Higher Levels of Immersion Improve Procedure Memorization Performance","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1502222766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2312/egve/jvrc09/121-128","mag":"1502222766"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2312/egve/jvrc09/121-128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/egve/jvrc09/121-128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/egve/jvrc09/121-128","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069853790","display_name":"Doug A. Bowman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-5067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bowman, Doug A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Center for Human-Computer Interaction and Dept. of Computer Science, Virginia Tech"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Center for Human-Computer Interaction and Dept. of Computer Science, Virginia Tech","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075082284","display_name":"Ajith Sowndararajan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sowndararajan, Ajith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Center for Human-Computer Interaction and Dept. of Computer Science, Virginia Tech"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Center for Human-Computer Interaction and Dept. of Computer Science, Virginia Tech","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090930182","display_name":"Eric D. Ragan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7192-3457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ragan, Eric D.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Center for Human-Computer Interaction and Dept. of Computer Science, Virginia Tech"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Center for Human-Computer Interaction and Dept. of Computer Science, Virginia Tech","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068655980","display_name":"R\u00e9gis Kopper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2081-7061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kopper, Regis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Center for Human-Computer Interaction and Dept. of Computer Science, Virginia Tech"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Center for Human-Computer Interaction and Dept. of Computer Science, Virginia Tech","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069853790"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memorization","display_name":"Memorization","score":0.9765813946723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immersion","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","score":0.9089419841766357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.6487652063369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5816848278045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.48155835270881653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.47274482250213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.4324645400047302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.42006003856658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3528909981250763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3222016394138336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.29488101601600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12273406982421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.0776834785938263}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30038468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4354775","display_name":"Memorization","level":2,"score":0.9765813946723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199068039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574523","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.9089419841766357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.6487652063369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5816848278045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.48155835270881653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.47274482250213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.4324645400047302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.42006003856658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3528909981250763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3222016394138336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29488101601600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12273406982421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0776834785938263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2312/egve/jvrc09/121-128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/egve/jvrc09/121-128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2312/egve/jvrc09/121-128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/egve/jvrc09/121-128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107081423","https://openalex.org/W1507687470","https://openalex.org/W1923201473","https://openalex.org/W1971378201","https://openalex.org/W1972598978","https://openalex.org/W1978011340","https://openalex.org/W1990580427","https://openalex.org/W1990990748","https://openalex.org/W1998218796","https://openalex.org/W2039277893","https://openalex.org/W2048259818","https://openalex.org/W2058794776","https://openalex.org/W2073082317","https://openalex.org/W2100210120","https://openalex.org/W2111533329","https://openalex.org/W2118689224","https://openalex.org/W2119655593","https://openalex.org/W2122106536","https://openalex.org/W2127033666","https://openalex.org/W2143068553","https://openalex.org/W2147845048","https://openalex.org/W2158251264","https://openalex.org/W2159005225","https://openalex.org/W2161153780","https://openalex.org/W2162821268","https://openalex.org/W2165422547","https://openalex.org/W2166182254","https://openalex.org/W2172146914","https://openalex.org/W2545461012","https://openalex.org/W2912909073","https://openalex.org/W3097218684"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121256465","https://openalex.org/W2172146914","https://openalex.org/W2158251264","https://openalex.org/W1994877858","https://openalex.org/W2058794776","https://openalex.org/W3008073493","https://openalex.org/W2162821268","https://openalex.org/W2127033666","https://openalex.org/W2118689224","https://openalex.org/W2100210120","https://openalex.org/W2075057776","https://openalex.org/W1985149490","https://openalex.org/W1963648925","https://openalex.org/W67265761","https://openalex.org/W1998218796","https://openalex.org/W1996641819","https://openalex.org/W2571941414","https://openalex.org/W2548691168","https://openalex.org/W219800362","https://openalex.org/W2056632110"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Researchers":[0],"have":[1,6],"proposed":[2],"that":[3,24,30,93,143],"immersion":[4,34,88,168],"could":[5,149],"advantages":[7],"for":[8,160],"tasks":[9,38],"involving":[10],"abstract":[11],"mental":[12,41],"activities,":[13],"such":[14,37,173],"as":[15,174],"conceptual":[16],"learning;":[17],"however,":[18],"there":[19],"are":[20],"few":[21],"empirical":[22],"results":[23,157],"support":[25],"this":[26,56],"idea.":[27],"We":[28,78],"hypothesized":[29],"higher":[31,102,107],"levels":[32,191],"of":[33,84,87,98,109,167,192],"would":[35],"benefit":[36],"if":[39],"the":[40,82,153,165],"activity":[42],"can":[43,184],"be":[44,150],"mapped":[45],"to":[46,74,80,114,152,170,189],"objects":[47],"or":[48,132,136],"locations":[49],"in":[50,62,67,145,177],"a":[51,68,94,101,106,124,129,133,146],"3D":[52],"environment.":[53],"To":[54],"investigate":[55],"hypothesis,":[57],"we":[58],"performed":[59],"an":[60],"experiment":[61,141],"which":[63],"participants":[64],"memorized":[65],"procedures":[66],"virtual":[69,147],"environment":[70,148],"and":[71,105,127,181],"then":[72],"attempted":[73],"recall":[75],"those":[76,175],"procedures.":[77],"aimed":[79],"understand":[81],"effects":[83],"three":[85],"components":[86],"on":[89],"performance.":[90],"Results":[91],"demonstrate":[92],"matched":[95,125],"software":[96],"field":[97,108],"view":[99],"(SFOV),":[100],"physical":[103],"FOV,":[104],"regard":[110],"(FOR)":[111],"all":[112],"contributed":[113],"more":[115],"effective":[116],"memorization.":[117],"The":[118,156],"best":[119],"performance":[120,186],"was":[121],"achieved":[122],"with":[123],"SFOV":[126],"either":[128],"high":[130,134],"FOV":[131],"FOR,":[135],"both.":[137],"In":[138],"addition,":[139],"our":[140],"demonstrated":[142],"memorization":[144,162],"transferred":[151],"real":[154],"world.":[155],"suggest":[158],"that,":[159],"procedure":[161],"tasks,":[163],"increasing":[164],"level":[166],"even":[169],"moderate":[171],"levels,":[172],"found":[176],"head-mounted":[178],"displays":[179],"(HMDs)":[180],"display":[182],"walls,":[183],"improve":[185],"significantly":[187],"compared":[188],"lower":[190],"immersion.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}