{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6945218585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2312/eggh/eggh97/131-137","title":"EM-Cube: An Architecture for Low-Cost Real-Time Volume Rendering","display_name":"EM-Cube: An Architecture for Low-Cost Real-Time Volume Rendering","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6945218585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2312/eggh/eggh97/131-137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2312/eggh/eggh97/131-137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/eggh/eggh97/131-137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"other","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/eggh/eggh97/131-137","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Osborne, R\u00e4ndy","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Osborne, R\u00e4ndy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pfister, Hanspeter","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pfister, Hanspeter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lauer, Hugh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lauer, Hugh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"McKenzie, Neil","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"McKenzie, Neil","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gibson, Sarah","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gibson, Sarah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hiatt, Wally","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiatt, Wally","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ohkarni, TakaHide","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ohkarni, TakaHide","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11354","display_name":"Evolution and Paleontology Studies","score":0.6288999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11354","display_name":"Evolution and Paleontology Studies","score":0.6288999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10955","display_name":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","score":0.0957999974489212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10421","display_name":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","score":0.04149999842047691,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.6503000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tiled-rendering","display_name":"Tiled rendering","score":0.6035000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume-rendering","display_name":"Volume rendering","score":0.5508999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternate-frame-rendering","display_name":"Alternate frame rendering","score":0.5343999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.513700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","score":0.5055999755859375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7297999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.6783000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.6503000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189059883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7802119","display_name":"Tiled rendering","level":5,"score":0.6035000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30769735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165951","display_name":"Volume rendering","level":3,"score":0.5508999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97431224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q438393","display_name":"Alternate frame rendering","level":5,"score":0.5343999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.5317999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.513700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5055999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.45969998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36816356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16911860","display_name":"3D rendering","level":3,"score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116921373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2816483","display_name":"Real-time rendering","level":3,"score":0.4489000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109772839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297645","display_name":"Software rendering","level":4,"score":0.3813999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2312/eggh/eggh97/131-137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/eggh/eggh97/131-137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2312/eggh/eggh97/131-137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/eggh/eggh97/131-137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4113774299621582,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"EM-Cube":[0,27,53,102,130],"is":[1,86],"a":[2,56,91,132,153],"VLSI":[3],"architecture":[4,20,103],"for":[5,83],"low-cost,":[6],"high":[7],"quality":[8],"volume":[9,37,70,109,144],"rendering":[10,49,61],"at":[11,22,24,98,152],"full":[12],"video":[13],"frame":[14,113],"rates.":[15],"Derived":[16],"from":[17,90],"the":[18,69,77,136,140,143,147,158,164],"Cube4":[19],"developed":[21],"SUNY":[23],"Stony":[25],"Brook,":[26],"computes":[28],"sample":[29],"points":[30],"and":[31,45,72,120,156],"gradients":[32],"on-the-fly":[33],"to":[34,67,75,87,107,162],"project":[35],"3-dimensional":[36],"data":[38,96],"onto":[39],"2-dimensional":[40],"images":[41,89],"with":[42,59],"realistic":[43],"lighting":[44],"shading.":[46],"A":[47],"modest":[48],"system":[50],"based":[51],"on":[52],"consists":[54],"of":[55,167],"PC1":[57],"card":[58],"four":[60,64,73],"chips":[62],"(ASICs),":[63],"64Mbit":[65],"SDRAMs":[66,141],"hold":[68,163],"data,":[71,145],"SRAMs":[74],"capture":[76],"rendered":[78],"image.":[79],"The":[80,101],"performance":[81],"target":[82],"this":[84],"configuration":[85],"render":[88],"256<sup>3</sup>":[92],"x":[93],"16":[94],"bit":[95],"set":[97],"30":[99],"frames/sec.":[100],"can":[104],"be":[105],"scaled":[106],"larger":[108],"data-sets":[110],"and/or":[111],"higher":[112],"rates":[114],"by":[115],"adding":[116],"additional":[117],"ASKS,":[118],"SDRAMs,":[119],"SRAMs.":[121],"This":[122],"paper":[123],"addresses":[124],"three":[125],"major":[126],"challenges":[127],"encountered":[128],"developing":[129],"into":[131],"practical":[133],"product:":[134],"exploiting":[135],"bandwidth":[137],"inherent":[138],"in":[139],"containing":[142],"keeping":[146],"pin-count":[148],"between":[149],"adjacent":[150],"ASICs":[151],"tractable":[154],"level,":[155],"reducing":[157],"on-chip":[159],"storage":[160],"required":[161],"intermediate":[165],"results":[166],"rendering.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}