{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1608649968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2312/compaesth/compaesth07/053-056","title":"Aesthetics of Hand-Drawn vs. Computer-Generated Stippling","display_name":"Aesthetics of Hand-Drawn vs. Computer-Generated Stippling","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1608649968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2312/compaesth/compaesth07/053-056","mag":"1608649968"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2312/compaesth/compaesth07/053-056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/compaesth/compaesth07/053-056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/compaesth/compaesth07/053-056","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026799813","display_name":"Ross Maciejewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8803-6355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maciejewski, Ross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083454802","display_name":"Tobias Isenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7953-8644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isenberg, Tobias","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110212948","display_name":"William M. Andrews","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25041050","display_name":"Augusta University","ror":"https://ror.org/012mef835","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrews, William M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical College of Georgia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical College of Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018584803","display_name":"David S. Ebert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-1296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ebert, David S.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062797157","display_name":"M\u00e1rio Costa Sousa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4347-0884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sousa, Mario Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026799813"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12650","display_name":"Aesthetic Perception and Analysis","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12650","display_name":"Aesthetic Perception and Analysis","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9631999731063843,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9483000040054321,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6593282222747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.6520880460739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5438876152038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5370091199874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tone","display_name":"Tone (literature)","score":0.5210832357406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.44267532229423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics","display_name":"Aesthetics","score":0.33601438999176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.26297399401664734}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6593282222747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.6520880460739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5438876152038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5370091199874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366327","display_name":"Tone (literature)","level":2,"score":0.5210832357406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.44267532229423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.33601438999176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.26297399401664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2312/compaesth/compaesth07/053-056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/compaesth/compaesth07/053-056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2312/compaesth/compaesth07/053-056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2312/compaesth/compaesth07/053-056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052899","display_name":"Eurographics","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W128137412","https://openalex.org/W1534563607","https://openalex.org/W1967724149","https://openalex.org/W1998833966","https://openalex.org/W2019187323","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2056654827","https://openalex.org/W2058987444","https://openalex.org/W2059432853","https://openalex.org/W2070101470","https://openalex.org/W2117395697","https://openalex.org/W2118558730","https://openalex.org/W2132047332","https://openalex.org/W2733049177","https://openalex.org/W3001010277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967724149","https://openalex.org/W2160960909","https://openalex.org/W2158516590","https://openalex.org/W2071639736","https://openalex.org/W2019187323","https://openalex.org/W1998833966","https://openalex.org/W1500396477","https://openalex.org/W2206362548","https://openalex.org/W2158549830","https://openalex.org/W2150593711","https://openalex.org/W2118558730","https://openalex.org/W2091046836","https://openalex.org/W2011172006","https://openalex.org/W1984609374","https://openalex.org/W1511103722","https://openalex.org/W2099013489","https://openalex.org/W2144683202","https://openalex.org/W2263285882","https://openalex.org/W3174328009","https://openalex.org/W2098099160"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"work":[1],"in":[2,46,49],"non-photorealistic":[3],"rendering":[4],"has":[5,17],"produced":[6],"results":[7],"comparable":[8],"to":[9,27,62,74,82,116,121],"hand-drawn":[10,64,94,105],"artistic":[11,22],"images.":[12,79,95],"Inspiration":[13],"for":[14],"such":[15,24],"techniques":[16,34],"come":[18],"from":[19],"many":[20],"traditional":[21],"techniques,":[23],"as":[25,43],"pen-and-ink,":[26],"depict":[28],"tone,":[29],"depth,":[30],"and":[31,40,93,106,119],"shape.":[32],"These":[33],"can":[35],"create":[36],"visually":[37,60],"appealing":[38],"images":[39,58,92],"increase":[41],"understanding":[42],"is":[44],"evident":[45],"their":[47],"use":[48],"medical":[50],"textbooks,":[51],"popular":[52],"science,":[53],"etc.":[54],"However,":[55],"when":[56],"computer-generated":[57,91,107],"are":[59,71,86],"compared":[61],"similar":[63],"images,":[65,108],"studies":[66],"have":[67],"shown":[68],"that":[69,84],"subjects":[70],"generally":[72],"able":[73],"determine":[75],"differences":[76],"between":[77],"both":[78],"This":[80,96],"seems":[81],"indicate":[83],"there":[85],"different":[87],"aesthetics":[88,103],"associated":[89],"with":[90],"paper":[97],"discusses":[98],"the":[99,112],"implications":[100],"of":[101,114],"varying":[102],"amongst":[104],"focusing":[109],"particularly":[110],"on":[111],"application":[113],"stippling":[115],"provide":[117],"tone":[118],"shape":[120],"an":[122],"image.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}