{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056170632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2268174","title":"A correction to Lewis and Langford's <i>Symbolic logic</i>","display_name":"A correction to Lewis and Langford's <i>Symbolic logic</i>","publication_year":1940,"publication_date":"1940-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056170632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2268174","mag":"2056170632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2268174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2268174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177675236","display_name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","issn_l":"0022-4812","issn":["0022-4812","1943-5886"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005371856","display_name":"J. C. C. McKinsey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. C. C. McKinsey","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005371856"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20172911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"149","last_page":"149"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11727","display_name":"Advanced Algebra and Logic","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11727","display_name":"Advanced Algebra and Logic","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9021999835968018,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assertion","display_name":"Assertion","score":0.7844098806381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proposition","display_name":"Proposition","score":0.6565847396850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.554048478603363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calculus","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","score":0.5145794749259949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5133451819419861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-logic","display_name":"Mathematical logic","score":0.48749852180480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-logic","display_name":"Higher-order logic","score":0.41433244943618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.4138534963130951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.382338285446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.33120298385620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.26833099126815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.26752346754074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.20174670219421387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1808740496635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.17970746755599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.13443708419799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/description-logic","display_name":"Description logic","score":0.0727599561214447}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40422974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741248","display_name":"Assertion","level":2,"score":0.7844098806381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777152325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108163","display_name":"Proposition","level":2,"score":0.6565847396850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.554048478603363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.5145794749259949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5133451819419861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47884741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166618","display_name":"Mathematical logic","level":2,"score":0.48749852180480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169896238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1644136","display_name":"Higher-order logic","level":3,"score":0.41433244943618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.4138534963130951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.382338285446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.33120298385620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26833099126815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.26752346754074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20174670219421387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1808740496635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.17970746755599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.13443708419799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102993220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387196","display_name":"Description logic","level":2,"score":0.0727599561214447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/2268174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2268174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177675236","display_name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","issn_l":"0022-4812","issn":["0022-4812","1943-5886"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498103021","https://openalex.org/W2035655557","https://openalex.org/W4230849338","https://openalex.org/W155104524","https://openalex.org/W4256502503","https://openalex.org/W2389386732","https://openalex.org/W2009614430","https://openalex.org/W2018126120","https://openalex.org/W1488031870","https://openalex.org/W2025849143"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,71],"this":[3,75],"note":[4],"is":[5,77,86],"to":[6,9],"call":[7],"attention":[8],"a":[10,72],"minor":[11],"error":[12],"in":[13,23,47,56,107,113],"Lewis":[14],"and":[15,62,98],"Langford's":[16],"Symbolic":[17],"logic":[18],".":[19],"On":[20,117],"page":[21],"221,":[22],"discussing":[24],"the":[25,29,32,48,57,83,108,114,118],"Tarski-\u0141ukasiewicz":[26],"three-valued":[27,115],"logic,":[28],"authors":[30],"make":[31],"following":[33],"assertion:":[34],"\u201cLet":[35],"T(p)":[36,52,81,105],"be":[37,82],"any":[38],"proposition,":[39],"involving":[40],"only":[41],"one":[42],"element,":[43],"whose":[44],"analogue":[45],"holds":[46,106],"two-valued":[49,109],"system;":[50],"if":[51],"does":[53,122,135],"not":[54,78,112,123,136],"hold":[55],"Three-valued":[58],"Calculus,":[59],"then":[60,87],"pC.T(p)":[61,121],"Np.C.T(p)":[63,134],"both":[64],"hold.\u201d":[65],"I":[66],"shall":[67],"show,":[68],"by":[69],"means":[70],"counter-example,":[73],"that":[74,90,99],"assertion":[76],"true.":[79],"Let":[80],"sentence:":[84],"It":[85],"easily":[88],"verified":[89],"T":[91,94,100],"(0)":[92],"=":[93,96,102,127,131,140,144],"(1)":[95],"1,":[97],"(\u00bd)":[101],"0.":[103],"Thus":[104],"calculus,":[110],"but":[111],"calculus.":[116],"other":[119],"hand,":[120],"hold,":[124,137],"since":[125,138],"\u00bd.CT(\u00bd)":[126],"\u00bd":[128,141],"C":[129,142],"0":[130,143],"\u00bd;":[132],"similarly,":[133],"N\u00bd.C.T(\u00bd)":[139],"\u00bd.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
