{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054885127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2273128","title":"Logic in the twenties: the nature of the quantifier","display_name":"Logic in the twenties: the nature of the quantifier","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054885127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2273128","mag":"2054885127"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2273128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2273128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177675236","display_name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","issn_l":"0022-4812","issn":["0022-4812","1943-5886"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038375601","display_name":"Warren Goldfarb","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Warren D. Goldfarb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138","Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038375601"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.122,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":352,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93766716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"3","first_page":"351","last_page":"368"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11727","display_name":"Advanced Algebra and Logic","score":0.9473999738693237,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9197999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soundness","display_name":"Soundness","score":0.7292327284812927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predicate-logic","display_name":"Predicate logic","score":0.7032109498977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negation","display_name":"Negation","score":0.6269315481185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5399287939071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-compositionality","display_name":"Principle of compositionality","score":0.5374226570129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-logic","display_name":"Philosophy of logic","score":0.5112340450286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predicate","display_name":"Predicate (mathematical logic)","score":0.4928884506225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term-logic","display_name":"Term logic","score":0.4778858423233032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paraconsistent-logic","display_name":"Paraconsistent logic","score":0.4706767201423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.43848860263824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.4196932315826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.363631010055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3578070402145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calculus","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","score":0.35187894105911255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34402841329574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-logic","display_name":"Computational logic","score":0.2958502173423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.2847878932952881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/description-logic","display_name":"Description logic","score":0.25180649757385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-logic","display_name":"Higher-order logic","score":0.23672211170196533}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.7292327284812927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19689857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4055684","display_name":"Predicate logic","level":3,"score":0.7032109498977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2185349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190558","display_name":"Negation","level":2,"score":0.6269315481185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5399287939071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121375916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q936559","display_name":"Principle of compositionality","level":2,"score":0.5374226570129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101874905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476757","display_name":"Philosophy of logic","level":2,"score":0.5112340450286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140146324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144319","display_name":"Predicate (mathematical logic)","level":2,"score":0.4928884506225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7280424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237125","display_name":"Term logic","level":4,"score":0.4778858423233032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16796852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426592","display_name":"Paraconsistent logic","level":4,"score":0.4706767201423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.43848860263824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4196932315826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.363631010055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3578070402145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.35187894105911255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34402841329574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124047733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157327","display_name":"Computational logic","level":3,"score":0.2958502173423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.2847878932952881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102993220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387196","display_name":"Description logic","level":2,"score":0.25180649757385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169896238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1644136","display_name":"Higher-order logic","level":3,"score":0.23672211170196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/2273128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2273128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177675236","display_name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","issn_l":"0022-4812","issn":["0022-4812","1943-5886"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CULeuclid:euclid.jsl/1183740431","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.jsl/1183740431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400787","display_name":"Project Euclid (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46574534","https://openalex.org/W114225339","https://openalex.org/W652588138","https://openalex.org/W878043872","https://openalex.org/W1547463121","https://openalex.org/W1547557736","https://openalex.org/W1607953571","https://openalex.org/W1891479826","https://openalex.org/W1960494084","https://openalex.org/W1964539894","https://openalex.org/W1975810242","https://openalex.org/W2004839050","https://openalex.org/W2018189786","https://openalex.org/W2031636584","https://openalex.org/W2035260372","https://openalex.org/W2035851396","https://openalex.org/W2060878518","https://openalex.org/W2064159730","https://openalex.org/W2072395631","https://openalex.org/W2081990119","https://openalex.org/W2082187221","https://openalex.org/W2085335923","https://openalex.org/W2087590092","https://openalex.org/W2107465304","https://openalex.org/W2109492210","https://openalex.org/W2114804254","https://openalex.org/W2144255783","https://openalex.org/W2150763560","https://openalex.org/W2317496975","https://openalex.org/W2331346174","https://openalex.org/W2332703092","https://openalex.org/W2511769846","https://openalex.org/W2597893916","https://openalex.org/W2598417590","https://openalex.org/W2755983673","https://openalex.org/W4229693731","https://openalex.org/W4233701293","https://openalex.org/W4234684401","https://openalex.org/W4234966326","https://openalex.org/W4236235956","https://openalex.org/W4238965074","https://openalex.org/W4239427139","https://openalex.org/W4240740245","https://openalex.org/W4244319301","https://openalex.org/W4247726461","https://openalex.org/W4251196936","https://openalex.org/W4256369010","https://openalex.org/W6744112762","https://openalex.org/W6987810940"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4300928505","https://openalex.org/W2024855311","https://openalex.org/W4248261190","https://openalex.org/W4309609597","https://openalex.org/W605234772","https://openalex.org/W2172759008","https://openalex.org/W2350689336","https://openalex.org/W1652051049","https://openalex.org/W4231583506","https://openalex.org/W3155902692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"are":[1,223],"often":[2,64],"told,":[3],"correctly,":[4],"that":[5,39,73],"modern":[6,141],"logic":[7,172,242],"originated":[8],"with":[9],"Frege.":[10],"For":[11,80],"Frege":[12,62,87],"clearly":[13],"depicted":[14],"polyadic":[15],"predication,":[16],"negation,":[17],"the":[18,21,24,31,70,101,124,130,137,140,158,163,166,203,228,234,239,244],"conditional,":[19],"and":[20,37,218],"quantifier":[22],"as":[23,67,139,173,175],"bases":[25],"of":[26,33,56,78,92,100,103,110,120,144,165,168,171,190,208,230,236,238],"logic;":[27],"moreover,":[28],"he":[29,180],"introduced":[30,97],"idea":[32],"a":[34,51,112,169],"formal":[35,52],"system,":[36],"argued":[38],"mathematical":[40],"demonstrations,":[41],"to":[42,123,161,205],"be":[43,47],"fully":[44],"precise,":[45],"must":[46],"carried":[48],"out":[49],"within":[50,155],"language":[53,102],"by":[54,117],"means":[55],"explicitly":[57],"formulated":[58],"syntactic":[59],"rules.":[60],"Consequently":[61],"has":[63],"been":[65],"read":[66],"providing":[68],"all":[69],"central":[71],"notions":[72,221],"constitute":[74],"our":[75],"current":[76],"understanding":[77,207,217],"quantification.":[79],"example,":[81],"in":[82,129,227,241],"his":[83,156],"recent":[84],"book":[85],"on":[86],"[1973],":[88],"Michael":[89],"Dummett":[90],"speaks":[91],"\u201dthe":[93],"semantics":[94],"which":[95,222],"[Frege]":[96],"for":[98],"formulas":[99],"predicate":[104,145],"logic.\u201d":[105],"That":[106],"is,":[107,193],"\u201cAn":[108],"interpretation":[109],"such":[111,216],"formula":[113,131],"\u2026":[114,132,178],"is":[115,135],"obtained":[116],"assigning":[118],"entities":[119],"suitable":[121],"kinds":[122],"primitive":[125],"nonlogical":[126],"constants":[127],"occurring":[128],"[T]his":[133],"procedure":[134],"exactly":[136],"same":[138],"semantic":[142],"treatment":[143],"logic\u201d":[146],"(pp.":[147],"89\u201390).":[148],"Indeed,":[149],"\u201cFrege":[150],"would":[151],"therefore":[152],"have":[153],"had":[154],"grasp":[157],"concepts":[159],"necessary":[160],"frame":[162],"notion":[164],"completeness":[167],"formalization":[170],"well":[174],"its":[176],"soundness":[177],"but":[179],"did":[181],"not":[182],"do":[183],"so\u201d":[184],"(p.":[185],"82).":[186],"This":[187],"common":[188,225],"appraisal":[189],"Frege's":[191,200],"work":[192,240],"I":[194],"think,":[195],"quite":[196],"misleading.":[197],"Even":[198],"given":[199],"tremendous":[201],"achievements,":[202],"road":[204],"an":[206,212],"quantification":[209],"theory":[210],"was":[211],"arduous":[213],"one.":[214],"Obtaining":[215],"formulating":[219],"those":[220],"now":[224],"coin":[226],"discussion":[229],"logical":[231],"systems":[232],"were":[233],"tasks":[235],"much":[237],"during":[243],"nineteen-twenties.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}