{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4256377884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2267212","title":"On Universals","display_name":"On Universals","publication_year":1947,"publication_date":"1947-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4256377884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2267212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2267212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2267212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177675236","display_name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","issn_l":"0022-4812","issn":["0022-4812","1943-5886"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031504392","display_name":"W. V. Quine","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W. V. Quine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031504392"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59047203,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"74","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11463","display_name":"Classical Philosophy and Thought","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11463","display_name":"Classical Philosophy and Thought","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.9506999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-of-universals","display_name":"Problem of universals","score":0.8201327323913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.6212162375450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nominalism","display_name":"Nominalism","score":0.5877023339271545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realm","display_name":"Realm","score":0.5580026507377625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.5518766045570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5488548278808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5005595684051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.4478788673877716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4276023507118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proper-noun","display_name":"Proper noun","score":0.4226740598678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.386971116065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1625165343284607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.10928982496261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.059444427490234375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16592111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6092032","display_name":"Problem of universals","level":2,"score":0.8201327323913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.6212162375450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193308744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202253","display_name":"Nominalism","level":2,"score":0.5877023339271545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778757428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250464","display_name":"Realm","level":2,"score":0.5580026507377625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5518766045570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5488548278808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5005595684051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4478788673877716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4276023507118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41417386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147276","display_name":"Proper noun","level":2,"score":0.4226740598678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.386971116065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1625165343284607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.10928982496261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.059444427490234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/2267212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2267212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177675236","display_name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","issn_l":"0022-4812","issn":["0022-4812","1943-5886"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095363501","https://openalex.org/W2119499523","https://openalex.org/W2320642324"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4236040257","https://openalex.org/W2283783092","https://openalex.org/W1564782585","https://openalex.org/W4322587397","https://openalex.org/W3095703589","https://openalex.org/W1567085760","https://openalex.org/W249760903","https://openalex.org/W1971692910","https://openalex.org/W2081379926","https://openalex.org/W4246702112"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,93,134],"philosophical":[1],"dispute":[2,15],"over":[3,16],"whether":[4],"there":[5],"are":[6,42,56,153],"universale":[7],",":[8,77],"or":[9,58,90,110],"abstract":[10,34,91],"entities,":[11,84],"is":[12,78,95,130],"not":[13,154],"a":[14,81,104,115],"the":[17,45,61,75,99,106,111,119,123,141,144],"admissibility":[18],"of":[19,49,83,108,113],"general":[20,27,89,147],"terms.":[21],"Both":[22],"sides":[23],"will":[24],"agree":[25],"that":[26,146],"terms,":[28,148],"e.g.":[29],"\u2018man,\u2019":[30],"and":[31,40],"perhaps":[32],"even":[33],"singular":[35],"terms":[36],"such":[37,88],"as":[38,54,102,118],"\u2018mankind\u2019":[39],"\u20187\u2019,":[41],"meaningful,":[43],"in":[44,51,79,143,151],"sense":[46],"at":[47,156],"least":[48],"participating":[50],"statements":[52],"which":[53],"wholes":[55],"true":[57],"false.":[59],"Where":[60],"platonists":[62],"(as":[63],"I":[64],"shall":[65],"call":[66],"those":[67],"who":[68],"accept":[69],"universale)":[70],"differ":[71],"from":[72],"their":[73],"opponents,":[74],"nominalists":[76],"positing":[80],"realm":[82],"universals,":[85],"corresponding":[86],"to":[87,97],"words.":[92],"platonist":[94,135],"likely":[96],"regard":[98],"word":[100,120],"\u2018man\u2019":[101],"naming":[103],"universal,":[105],"class":[107],"men":[109],"property":[112],"being":[114],"man,":[116],"much":[117],"\u2018Caesar\u2019":[121],"names":[122,155],"concrete":[124],"object":[125],"Caesar.":[126],"Actually,":[127],"however,":[128],"this":[129],"an":[131],"extraneous":[132],"detail.":[133],"could":[136],"equally":[137],"well":[138],"concur":[139],"with":[140],"nominalist":[142],"view":[145],"though":[149],"meaningful":[150],"context,":[152],"all.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
