{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379646463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2298/csis221210030d","title":"A novel multilevel stacked SqueezeNet model for handwritten Chinese character recognition","display_name":"A novel multilevel stacked SqueezeNet model for handwritten Chinese character recognition","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379646463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2298/csis221210030d"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2298/csis221210030d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis221210030d","pdf_url":"http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/ft.aspx?id=1820-02142300030D","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206939107","display_name":"Computer Science and Information Systems","issn_l":"1820-0214","issn":["1820-0214","2406-1018"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321031","host_organization_name":"ComSIS Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321031"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ComSIS Consortium"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science and Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/ft.aspx?id=1820-02142300030D","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059691440","display_name":"Yuankun Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3108-3767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091712","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00b3j7936","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuankun Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, China","School of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology 450002 Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650","https://openalex.org/I4210091712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology 450002 Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109838732","display_name":"Fengping Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091712","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00b3j7936","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, China","School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology 450002 Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology 450002 Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091712"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101405969","display_name":"Zhilong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0401-5010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098061","display_name":"Animal Science Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00yt18j75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098061","https://openalex.org/I4210099004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138792","display_name":"Institute for Animal Husbandry","ror":"https://ror.org/047wscg41","country_code":"RS","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145580","display_name":"Research Institute of Animal Husbandry","ror":"https://ror.org/04ey06332","country_code":"MN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145580"]}],"countries":["CN","MN","RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhilong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Library of Henan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Economics, Zhengzhou, China","Library of Henan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Economics 450002 Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Library of Henan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Economics, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138792","https://openalex.org/I4210145580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Library of Henan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Economics 450002 Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098061"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0977,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33724004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"1771","last_page":"1795"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.8521938323974609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.849621057510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7110314965248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6739884614944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6060484051704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5966610908508301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5326725244522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.44390928745269775}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.8521938323974609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.849621057510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7110314965248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6739884614944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6060484051704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5966610908508301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5326725244522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.44390928745269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2298/csis221210030d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis221210030d","pdf_url":"http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/ft.aspx?id=1820-02142300030D","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206939107","display_name":"Computer Science and Information Systems","issn_l":"1820-0214","issn":["1820-0214","2406-1018"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321031","host_organization_name":"ComSIS Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321031"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ComSIS Consortium"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science and Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2298/csis221210030d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis221210030d","pdf_url":"http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/ft.aspx?id=1820-02142300030D","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206939107","display_name":"Computer Science and Information Systems","issn_l":"1820-0214","issn":["1820-0214","2406-1018"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321031","host_organization_name":"ComSIS Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321031"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ComSIS Consortium"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science and Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379646463.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1436594442","https://openalex.org/W2008806374","https://openalex.org/W2508457857","https://openalex.org/W2565262489","https://openalex.org/W2795903550","https://openalex.org/W2908497602","https://openalex.org/W3022820045","https://openalex.org/W3118218411","https://openalex.org/W3122502958","https://openalex.org/W3122907878","https://openalex.org/W3162961269","https://openalex.org/W3170682767","https://openalex.org/W3201938571","https://openalex.org/W3204957158","https://openalex.org/W3215305709","https://openalex.org/W4200307651","https://openalex.org/W4206536112","https://openalex.org/W4206594836","https://openalex.org/W4210337376","https://openalex.org/W4214704624","https://openalex.org/W4214904594","https://openalex.org/W4229007046","https://openalex.org/W4280612217","https://openalex.org/W4281616605","https://openalex.org/W4284705159","https://openalex.org/W4285290083","https://openalex.org/W4290717588","https://openalex.org/W4292471377","https://openalex.org/W4296378254","https://openalex.org/W4296391946","https://openalex.org/W4297477854","https://openalex.org/W4307649176","https://openalex.org/W6724998850"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107204728","https://openalex.org/W4287591324","https://openalex.org/W3108503355","https://openalex.org/W4226420367","https://openalex.org/W2962876041","https://openalex.org/W3170224572","https://openalex.org/W2899027234","https://openalex.org/W3095506574","https://openalex.org/W3190449293","https://openalex.org/W2997424368"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"solve":[1,106],"the":[2,56,62,67,70,78,87,92,96,107,133,138,146,161,165,177,187],"problems":[3],"of":[4,7,61,95,112,140,148,164,190],"large":[5],"number":[6],"similar":[8],"Chinese":[9,27,192],"characters,":[10],"difficult":[11],"feature":[12,40,48,59,72,88,99,113,117],"extraction":[13,42,50],"and":[14,43,64,81,103,109,120],"inaccurate":[15],"recognition,":[16],"we":[17,31,76],"propose":[18],"a":[19,33],"novel":[20],"multilevel":[21,46],"stacked":[22,47],"SqueezeNet":[23],"model":[24,38,180],"for":[25,39],"handwritten":[26,191],"character":[28],"recognition.":[29],"First,":[30],"design":[32],"deep":[34,57],"convolutional":[35],"neural":[36],"network":[37,153],"grouping":[41],"fusion.":[44],"The":[45,98,151],"group":[49],"module":[51],"is":[52,101,156],"used":[53,157],"to":[54,85,105,136,145,158],"extract":[55],"abstract":[58],"information":[60,73,94,100],"image":[63],"carry":[65],"out":[66],"fusion":[68,118],"between":[69],"different":[71],"modules.":[74],"Secondly,":[75],"use":[77],"designed":[79,178],"down-sampling":[80],"channel":[82],"amplification":[83],"modules":[84],"reduce":[86],"dimension":[89],"while":[90],"preserving":[91],"important":[93,149,162],"image.":[97],"refined":[102],"condensed":[104],"overlapping":[108],"redundant":[110],"problem":[111],"information.":[114],"Thirdly,":[115],"inter-layer":[116],"algorithm":[119,155],"Softmax":[121],"classification":[122],"function":[123],"constrained":[124],"by":[125],"L2":[126],"norm":[127],"are":[128,168],"used.":[129],"We":[130],"further":[131],"compress":[132],"parameter":[134],"clipping":[135,147],"avoid":[137],"loss":[139],"too":[141],"much":[142],"accuracy":[143],"due":[144],"parameters.":[150],"dynamic":[152],"surgery":[154],"ensure":[159],"that":[160,176],"parameters":[163],"error":[166],"deletion":[167],"reassembled.":[169],"Experimental":[170],"results":[171],"on":[172],"public":[173],"data":[174],"show":[175],"recognition":[179,188],"in":[181],"this":[182],"paper":[183],"can":[184],"effectively":[185],"improve":[186],"rate":[189],"characters.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
