{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3175903194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2298/csis201201035n","title":"Assessing learning styles through eye tracking for e-learning applications","display_name":"Assessing learning styles through eye tracking for e-learning applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3175903194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2298/csis201201035n","mag":"3175903194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2298/csis201201035n","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2298/csis201201035n","pdf_url":"http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/ft.aspx?id=1820-02142100035N","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206939107","display_name":"Computer Science and Information Systems","issn_l":"1820-0214","issn":["1820-0214","2406-1018"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321031","host_organization_name":"ComSIS Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321031"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ComSIS Consortium"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science and Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/ft.aspx?id=1820-02142100035N","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066597824","display_name":"Nahumi Nugrahaningsih","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102347383","display_name":"University of Palangka Raya","ror":"https://ror.org/045n0ms44","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102347383"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088450","display_name":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya","ror":"https://ror.org/007j5qg12","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088450"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nahumi Nugrahaningsih","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Palangkaraya, Department of Informatics, Kampus Unpar Tunjung Nyaho, Jl. Yos Sudarso, Palangkaraya, Indonesia","University of Palangkaraya, Department of Informatics,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Palangkaraya, Department of Informatics, Kampus Unpar Tunjung Nyaho, Jl. Yos Sudarso, Palangkaraya, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102347383"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Palangkaraya, Department of Informatics,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077819807","display_name":"Marco Porta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5073-5556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Porta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pavia, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Pavia, Italy","University of Pavia, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Via A. Ferrata 5, 27100, Pavia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pavia, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pavia, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Via A. Ferrata 5, 27100, Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032146353","display_name":"Aleksandra Kla\u0161nja\u2010Mili\u0107evi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8023-4776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170726198","display_name":"University of Novi Sad","ror":"https://ror.org/00xa57a59","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170726198"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksandra Klasnja-Milicevic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Novi Sad, Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Novi Sad, Serbia","University of Novi Sad, Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3 -21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8023-4776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Novi Sad, Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Novi Sad, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170726198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Novi Sad, Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3 -21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170726198"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6214,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92679639,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"1287","last_page":"1309"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11820","display_name":"Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11820","display_name":"Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9642999768257141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.8375594615936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.7606990337371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7490323781967163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixation","display_name":"Fixation (population genetics)","score":0.6567057967185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-styles","display_name":"Learning styles","score":0.6111392974853516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5557142496109009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","score":0.4953078329563141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duration","display_name":"Duration (music)","score":0.46908703446388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4346623718738556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.42608392238616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.16872984170913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.13661342859268188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.8375594615936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.7606990337371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7490323781967163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146249460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914991","display_name":"Fixation (population genetics)","level":3,"score":0.6567057967185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820370","display_name":"Learning styles","level":2,"score":0.6111392974853516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5557142496109009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.4953078329563141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112758219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16038819","display_name":"Duration (music)","level":2,"score":0.46908703446388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4346623718738556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.42608392238616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.16872984170913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.13661342859268188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2298/csis201201035n","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2298/csis201201035n","pdf_url":"http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/ft.aspx?id=1820-02142100035N","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206939107","display_name":"Computer Science and Information Systems","issn_l":"1820-0214","issn":["1820-0214","2406-1018"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321031","host_organization_name":"ComSIS Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321031"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ComSIS Consortium"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science and Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:117395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/117395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402478","display_name":"INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210116497","host_organization_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2298/csis201201035n","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2298/csis201201035n","pdf_url":"http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/ft.aspx?id=1820-02142100035N","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206939107","display_name":"Computer Science and Information Systems","issn_l":"1820-0214","issn":["1820-0214","2406-1018"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321031","host_organization_name":"ComSIS Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321031"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ComSIS Consortium"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science and Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3175903194.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3175903194.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503483822","https://openalex.org/W1598754088","https://openalex.org/W1988847696","https://openalex.org/W2027790936","https://openalex.org/W2049076420","https://openalex.org/W2086920683","https://openalex.org/W2097236369","https://openalex.org/W2106737500","https://openalex.org/W2111785930","https://openalex.org/W2123565232","https://openalex.org/W2125719229","https://openalex.org/W2135960012","https://openalex.org/W2139860608","https://openalex.org/W2257320466","https://openalex.org/W2431993487","https://openalex.org/W2523595218","https://openalex.org/W2556396084","https://openalex.org/W2557712860","https://openalex.org/W2801578035","https://openalex.org/W2806392720","https://openalex.org/W2810989163","https://openalex.org/W2911548415","https://openalex.org/W2966522736","https://openalex.org/W2982476049","https://openalex.org/W3034982447","https://openalex.org/W3093579347","https://openalex.org/W3170775390"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1880689012","https://openalex.org/W2348837382","https://openalex.org/W3014378845","https://openalex.org/W4240909707","https://openalex.org/W2059546927","https://openalex.org/W746329893","https://openalex.org/W4205872570","https://openalex.org/W2161294397","https://openalex.org/W2012644758","https://openalex.org/W3207933171"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adapting":[0],"the":[1,7,15,35,61,91,148,157,164],"presentation":[2],"of":[3,55,63,81,97,101],"learning":[4,17,20,43,141,177],"material":[5],"to":[6,13,27,37,89,125,176],"specific":[8],"student?s":[9],"characteristics":[10],"is":[11,151,188],"useful":[12,174],"improve":[14],"overall":[16],"experience":[18],"and":[19,41,70,73,103,121,139,159],"styles":[21,44,142,178],"can":[22,171],"play":[23],"an":[24,49,56,82,144],"important":[25],"role":[26],"this":[28,31,122,169],"purpose.":[29],"In":[30,48],"paper,":[32],"we":[33],"investigate":[34],"possibility":[36],"distinguish":[38],"between":[39,136],"Visual":[40],"Verbal":[42],"from":[45],"gaze":[46,75,93,137],"data.":[47],"experiment":[50],"involving":[51],"first":[52],"year":[53],"students":[54],"engineering":[57],"faculty,":[58],"content":[59],"regarding":[60],"basics":[62],"programming":[64],"was":[65,77,119],"presented":[66,152],"in":[67,153,160,197],"both":[68],"text":[69,161],"graphic":[71],"form,":[72],"participants?":[74],"data":[76,138],"recorded":[78],"by":[79,190],"means":[80],"eye":[83,183],"tracker.":[84],"Three":[85],"metrics":[86],"were":[87,108],"selected":[88],"characterize":[90],"user?s":[92],"behavior,":[94],"namely,":[95],"percentage":[96,100],"fixation":[98,105],"duration,":[99],"fixations,":[102],"average":[104],"duration.":[106],"Percentages":[107],"calculated":[109],"on":[110,156,163],"ten":[111],"intervals":[112],"into":[113],"which":[114],"each":[115],"participant?s":[116],"interaction":[117],"time":[118],"subdivided,":[120],"allowed":[123],"us":[124],"perform":[126],"time-based":[127],"assessments.":[128],"The":[129],"obtained":[130],"results":[131],"showed":[132],"a":[133,173],"significant":[134],"relation":[135],"Visual/Verbal":[140],"for":[143],"information":[145],"arrangement":[146],"where":[147],"same":[149],"concept":[150],"graphical":[154],"format":[155,162],"left":[158],"right.":[165],"We":[166],"think":[167],"that":[168,193],"study":[170],"provide":[172],"contribution":[175],"research":[179],"carried":[180],"out":[181],"exploiting":[182],"tracking":[184],"technology,":[185],"as":[186],"it":[187],"characterized":[189],"unique":[191],"traits":[192],"cannot":[194],"be":[195],"found":[196],"similar":[198],"investigations.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}