{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7143465785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22364/bjmc.2026.14.1.04","title":"Digital Competencies and Barriers of Technology Adoption in Caregiving: A Systematic Literature Review","display_name":"Digital Competencies and Barriers of Technology Adoption in Caregiving: A Systematic Literature Review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7143465785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22364/bjmc.2026.14.1.04"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22364/bjmc.2026.14.1.04","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22364/bjmc.2026.14.1.04","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.22364/bjmc.2026.14.1.04","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204244","display_name":"Baltic Journal of Modern Computing","issn_l":"2255-8942","issn":["2255-8942","2255-8950"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314132","host_organization_name":"Vilnius University, University of Latvia, Latvia University of Agriculture, Institute of Mathematics and Informatics of Universi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Vilnius University, University of Latvia, Latvia University of Agriculture, Institute of Mathematics and Informatics of Universi"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Baltic Journal of Modern Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.22364/bjmc.2026.14.1.04","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118618785","display_name":"Palmi Lahe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Palmi Lahe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tallinn University of Technology , Ehitajate tee 5 , 19086 , Tallinn , Estonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tallinn University of Technology , Ehitajate tee 5 , 19086 , Tallinn , Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047426731","display_name":"Tarmo Robal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7396-8843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarmo Robal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tallinn University of Technology , Ehitajate tee 5 , 19086 , Tallinn , Estonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tallinn University of Technology , Ehitajate tee 5 , 19086 , Tallinn , Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5118618785"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1078},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1078},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94140549,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11977","display_name":"Technology Use by Older Adults","score":0.6834999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11977","display_name":"Technology Use by Older Adults","score":0.6834999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":0.06639999896287918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.02329999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workforce","display_name":"Workforce","score":0.6417999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.5284000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competence","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","score":0.5011000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workforce-development","display_name":"Workforce development","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-health","display_name":"Digital health","score":0.43720000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-shortage","display_name":"Economic shortage","score":0.4221999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare","display_name":"Welfare","score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.382099986076355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.6417999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.5284000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.5011000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.44510000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779968149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034851","display_name":"Workforce development","level":3,"score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780433410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276090","display_name":"Digital health","level":3,"score":0.43720000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.4221999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.37439998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51067260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828812","display_name":"Professional development","level":2,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21333345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519843","display_name":"Health technology","level":3,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992558563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Human welfare","level":3,"score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134215751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829080","display_name":"Professional association","level":2,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778132726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096872","display_name":"Digital Revolution","level":2,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019806175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11974939","display_name":"Health professionals","level":3,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776889888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135789","display_name":"Unintended consequences","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137996800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762702","display_name":"Technological change","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992041512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332154","display_name":"Ageing society","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777986313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661989","display_name":"Industry 4.0","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110894328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4086911","display_name":"Biomedical technology","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191630685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027615","display_name":"Informatics","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22364/bjmc.2026.14.1.04","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22364/bjmc.2026.14.1.04","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.22364/bjmc.2026.14.1.04","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204244","display_name":"Baltic Journal of Modern Computing","issn_l":"2255-8942","issn":["2255-8942","2255-8950"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314132","host_organization_name":"Vilnius University, University of Latvia, Latvia University of Agriculture, Institute of Mathematics and Informatics of Universi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Vilnius University, University of Latvia, Latvia University of Agriculture, Institute of Mathematics and Informatics of Universi"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Baltic Journal of Modern Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22364/bjmc.2026.14.1.04","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22364/bjmc.2026.14.1.04","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.22364/bjmc.2026.14.1.04","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204244","display_name":"Baltic Journal of Modern Computing","issn_l":"2255-8942","issn":["2255-8942","2255-8950"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314132","host_organization_name":"Vilnius University, University of Latvia, Latvia University of Agriculture, Institute of Mathematics and Informatics of Universi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Vilnius University, University of Latvia, Latvia University of Agriculture, Institute of Mathematics and Informatics of Universi"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Baltic Journal of Modern Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7143465785.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7143465785.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"ageing":[1],"population,":[2],"rising":[3],"healthcare":[4],"costs":[5],"and":[6,17,33,41,46,53,64,73,81,88,102,119,155,178,196,214,226,232],"shortage":[7],"of":[8,99,109,126,140,161,188,199],"professional":[9,62,77,117,200,228],"caregivers":[10,63,78,201],"are":[11,202],"making":[12],"significant":[13],"changes":[14],"to":[15,43,48,55,96,123,176,224],"health":[16],"care":[18,120],"systems":[19],"around":[20],"the":[21,51,110,114,124,138,149,165,189,212],"world,":[22],"including":[23],"an":[24,107],"increased":[25],"demand":[26],"for":[27,61,172,208,218,235],"services,":[28],"higher":[29],"costs,":[30],"workforce":[31],"shortages,":[32],"a":[34,142],"greater":[35],"reliance":[36],"on":[37,174],"technology":[38,71,86,209],"like":[39],"tele-health":[40],"AI":[42],"improve":[44],"efficiency":[45],"access":[47],"care.Therefore,":[49],"having":[50],"competence":[52],"ability":[54],"use":[56,177],"digital":[57,74,89,129,230],"tools":[58],"is":[59,168,222],"compelling":[60],"policymakers":[65],"alike,":[66],"as":[67,193],"it":[68,221],"underpins":[69],"successful":[70],"adoption":[72,87,139,210],"transformation.Yet,":[75],"today,":[76],"lack":[79,125],"knowledge":[80],"skills":[82],"that":[83,207],"would":[84],"support":[85],"transformation.Most":[90],"countries":[91],"have":[92],"set":[93],"high":[94],"ambitions":[95],"strengthen":[97],"digitalisation":[98],"their":[100],"citizens":[101],"society.This":[103],"review":[104,160,205],"article":[105],"provides":[106],"overview":[108],"challenges":[111],"faced":[112],"by":[113],"welfare":[115,213],"sector,":[116,216],"caregivers,":[118],"homes":[121],"due":[122],"or":[127,183],"inadequate":[128],"competencies":[130],"among":[131],"workers,":[132],"highlighting":[133],"how":[134,175],"this":[135],"has":[136],"hindered":[137],"technology.Through":[141],"systematic":[143],"literature":[144,204],"review,":[145],"59":[146],"studies":[147],"from":[148,157],"last":[150],"10":[151],"years":[152],"were":[153],"identified":[154],"obtained":[156],"well-known":[158],"databases.The":[159],"these":[162],"papers":[163],"identifies":[164],"gaps:":[166],"there":[167],"often":[169],"insufficient":[170],"training":[171],"staff":[173,184],"integrate":[179],"assistive":[180],"technologies":[181],"effectively,":[182],"may":[185],"be":[186],"unaware":[187],"available":[190],"technologies.Challenges":[191],"such":[192],"technological":[194],"limitations":[195],"low":[197],"involvement":[198],"noted.The":[203],"suggests":[206],"in":[211],"caregiving":[215],"especially":[217],"emerging":[219],"technologies,":[220],"necessary":[223],"prioritise":[225],"recognise":[227],"caregivers'":[229],"competencies,":[231],"find":[233],"solutions":[234],"existing":[236],"barriers.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T06:07:48.031334","created_date":"2026-03-31T00:00:00"}
