{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414019682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-09-05-1851","title":"Towards violations of Local Friendliness with quantum computers","display_name":"Towards violations of Local Friendliness with quantum computers","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414019682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-09-05-1851"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2025-09-05-1851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-09-05-1851","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2025-09-05-1851/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2025-09-05-1851/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024956640","display_name":"William J. Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-1397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100301340","display_name":"Quanta Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03symbb61","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100301340"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147309","display_name":"1675 Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04n3dya31","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William J. Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantonation","Unitary Foundation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantonation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100301340"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unitary Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056639791","display_name":"Farrokh Labib","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147309","display_name":"1675 Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04n3dya31","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farrokh Labib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unitary Foundation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unitary Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088433578","display_name":"Vincent M. Russo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8952-8981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147309","display_name":"1675 Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04n3dya31","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Russo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unitary Foundation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unitary Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024956640"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100301340","https://openalex.org/I4210147309"],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16228941,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"1851","last_page":"1851"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46824705600738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3741982579231262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46824705600738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3741982579231262}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2025-09-05-1851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-09-05-1851","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2025-09-05-1851/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7b5ac7e75e4f4545a1b3d0a6fafd29bf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7b5ac7e75e4f4545a1b3d0a6fafd29bf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, Vol 9, p 1851 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2025-09-05-1851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-09-05-1851","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2025-09-05-1851/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414019682.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414019682.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47655787","https://openalex.org/W1485523613","https://openalex.org/W1600425430","https://openalex.org/W1643125742","https://openalex.org/W1998406676","https://openalex.org/W2026796483","https://openalex.org/W2048118641","https://openalex.org/W2058302064","https://openalex.org/W2067753881","https://openalex.org/W2164442125","https://openalex.org/W2174298480","https://openalex.org/W2521267242","https://openalex.org/W2560581185","https://openalex.org/W2795641194","https://openalex.org/W2884598223","https://openalex.org/W2894178851","https://openalex.org/W2921169191","https://openalex.org/W2937696121","https://openalex.org/W2942051472","https://openalex.org/W2964873315","https://openalex.org/W2976647396","https://openalex.org/W2982169647","https://openalex.org/W3003563372","https://openalex.org/W3035899097","https://openalex.org/W3037859133","https://openalex.org/W3048970958","https://openalex.org/W3098061346","https://openalex.org/W3100293976","https://openalex.org/W3102621335","https://openalex.org/W3103832819","https://openalex.org/W3104348698","https://openalex.org/W3136608708","https://openalex.org/W3138115576","https://openalex.org/W3158344271","https://openalex.org/W3214730001","https://openalex.org/W4206346323","https://openalex.org/W4210955860","https://openalex.org/W4226366114","https://openalex.org/W4235900199","https://openalex.org/W4299684481","https://openalex.org/W4302791275","https://openalex.org/W4376632698","https://openalex.org/W4385691355","https://openalex.org/W4386206037","https://openalex.org/W4386742860","https://openalex.org/W4387332482","https://openalex.org/W4392744123","https://openalex.org/W4399083721","https://openalex.org/W4404696243","https://openalex.org/W4406234262","https://openalex.org/W4408830641","https://openalex.org/W6966363064"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Local":[0],"Friendliness":[1],"(LF)":[2],"inequalities":[3],"follow":[4],"from":[5,223],"seemingly":[6],"reasonable":[7],"assumptions":[8,68],"about":[9],"reality:":[10],"(i)":[11],"``absoluteness":[12],"of":[13,61,90,92,98,145,161,171,201,216],"observed":[14,18],"events''":[15],"(e.g.,":[16,28],"every":[17],"event":[19],"happens":[20],"for":[21,240,266],"all":[22],"observers)":[23],"and":[24,95,116,182,255,268],"(ii)":[25],"``local":[26],"agency''":[27],"free":[29],"choices":[30],"can":[31,207],"be":[32],"made":[33],"uncorrelated":[34],"with":[35],"other":[36],"events":[37],"outside":[38],"their":[39],"future":[40],"light":[41],"cone).":[42],"Extended":[43],"Wigner's":[44],"Friend":[45],"Scenario":[46],"(EWFS)":[47],"thought":[48],"experiments":[49],"show":[50],"that":[51,111,158,164],"textbook":[52],"quantum":[53,155,169,180,196,205,253,270],"mechanics":[54],"violates":[55],"these":[56,62,66],"inequalities.":[57],"Thus,":[58],"experimental":[59,221,238],"evidence":[60],"violations":[63,97,187,222,243],"would":[64],"make":[65],"two":[67],"incompatible.":[69],"In":[70],"[Nature":[71],"Physics":[72],"16,":[73],"1199":[74],"(2020)],":[75],"the":[76,88,93,120,138,143,146,151,159,162,166,189,199,202,214,217],"authors":[77],"experimentally":[78],"implemented":[79],"an":[80,114,233,237],"EWFS,":[81],"using":[82,133,249],"a":[83,104,108,134,154,262],"photonic":[84,105],"qubit":[85,106],"to":[86,126,141,227],"play":[87],"role":[89],"each":[91],"``friends''":[94],"measured":[96],"LF.":[99],"One":[100],"may":[101],"question":[102,118],"whether":[103,119],"is":[107,123,232],"physical":[109],"system":[110,190],"counts":[112],"as":[113,153,188,261],"``observer''":[115],"thereby":[117],"experiment's":[121],"outcome":[122],"significant.":[124],"Intending":[125],"measure":[127,136],"increasingly":[128,245,250],"meaningful":[129,246],"violations,":[130,203],"we":[131],"propose":[132],"statistical":[135],"called":[137],"``branch":[139],"factor''":[140],"quantify":[142],"``observerness''":[144],"system.":[147],"We":[148,175,257],"then":[149],"encode":[150],"EWFS":[152],"circuit":[156,163,178],"such":[157],"components":[160],"define":[165],"friend":[167],"are":[168],"systems":[170],"increasing":[172],"branch":[173,224,228,247],"factor.":[174],"run":[176],"this":[177,259],"on":[179],"simulators":[181],"hardware":[183],"devices,":[184],"observing":[185],"LF":[186,242],"sizes":[191],"scale.":[192],"As":[193],"errors":[194],"in":[195,219,236],"computers":[197,206],"reduce":[198],"significance":[200],"better":[204,209],"produce":[208],"violations.":[210],"Our":[211],"results":[212],"extend":[213],"state":[215],"art":[218],"proof-of-concept":[220],"factor":[225,229],"0.0":[226],"16.0.":[230],"This":[231],"initial":[234],"result":[235],"program":[239,260],"measuring":[241],"at":[244],"factors":[248],"more":[251],"powerful":[252],"processors":[254],"networks.":[256],"introduce":[258],"fundamental":[263],"science":[264],"application":[265],"near-term":[267],"developing":[269],"technology.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}