{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410813377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-28-1758","title":"Reinforcement Learning Based Quantum Circuit Optimization via ZX-Calculus","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning Based Quantum Circuit Optimization via ZX-Calculus","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410813377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-28-1758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2025-05-28-1758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-28-1758","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2025-05-28-1758/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2025-05-28-1758/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000928937","display_name":"Jordi Riu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5823-9223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jordi Riu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech, Carrer de Vene\u00e7uela, 74, Sant Mart\u00ed, 08019, Barcelona, Spain","Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Carrer de Jordi Girona, 3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech, Carrer de Vene\u00e7uela, 74, Sant Mart\u00ed, 08019, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Carrer de Jordi Girona, 3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093547729","display_name":"Jan Nogu\u00e9","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Nogu\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech, Carrer de Vene\u00e7uela, 74, Sant Mart\u00ed, 08019, Barcelona, Spain","Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Carrer de Jordi Girona, 3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech, Carrer de Vene\u00e7uela, 74, Sant Mart\u00ed, 08019, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Carrer de Jordi Girona, 3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093547730","display_name":"Gerard Vilaplana","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerard Vilaplana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech, Carrer de Vene\u00e7uela, 74, Sant Mart\u00ed, 08019, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech, Carrer de Vene\u00e7uela, 74, Sant Mart\u00ed, 08019, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071191367","display_name":"Artur Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1ez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3561-0223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Artur Garcia-Saez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Pla\u00e7a Eusebi G\u00fcell, 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain","Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech, Carrer de Vene\u00e7uela, 74, Sant Mart\u00ed, 08019, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Pla\u00e7a Eusebi G\u00fcell, 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848","https://openalex.org/I2799803557"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech, Carrer de Vene\u00e7uela, 74, Sant Mart\u00ed, 08019, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090359166","display_name":"Marta P. Estarellas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2734-9707"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta P. Estarellas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech, Carrer de Vene\u00e7uela, 74, Sant Mart\u00ed, 08019, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech, Carrer de Vene\u00e7uela, 74, Sant Mart\u00ed, 08019, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000928937"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":18.5354,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99048715,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"1758","last_page":"1758"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7122234106063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.5945848226547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5156453847885132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.4375554621219635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calculus","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","score":0.3743778467178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35899603366851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.3229135274887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3068870007991791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2995104193687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.20957663655281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.16685017943382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15816810727119446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.1089853048324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.10065841674804688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7122234106063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.5945848226547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5156453847885132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4375554621219635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.3743778467178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35899603366851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.3229135274887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3068870007991791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2995104193687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.20957663655281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.16685017943382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15816810727119446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1089853048324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.10065841674804688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2025-05-28-1758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-28-1758","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2025-05-28-1758/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/432671","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2117/432671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207057","display_name":"QRU Quaderns de Recerca en Urbanisme","issn_l":"2014-9689","issn":["2014-9689","2385-6777"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322448","host_organization_name":"Q71272178","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322448"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Q71272178"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d6af04ac70c7414eb1ce5cfb35bfd7a6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d6af04ac70c7414eb1ce5cfb35bfd7a6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, Vol 9, p 1758 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2025-05-28-1758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-28-1758","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2025-05-28-1758/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1322071649","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"951911","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262748287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3681454997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4042783231","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4126322094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4508178549","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"020-DI00063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334830","funder_display_name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4816244515","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FEDER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G495392292","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FEDER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4956428346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020 research and innovatio","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G586857820","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033/FEDER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6071709581","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G661330594","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6685425346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084143925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7266728691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8260616629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334830","display_name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca","ror":"https://ror.org/01n4pqe45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410813377.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410813377.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964589141","https://openalex.org/W1968671063","https://openalex.org/W1969246646","https://openalex.org/W2040175558","https://openalex.org/W2044212944","https://openalex.org/W2052146120","https://openalex.org/W2096331363","https://openalex.org/W2130674235","https://openalex.org/W2145304048","https://openalex.org/W2598985404","https://openalex.org/W2765753692","https://openalex.org/W2781738013","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2918135161","https://openalex.org/W2922906818","https://openalex.org/W2934743019","https://openalex.org/W2938353722","https://openalex.org/W2942259124","https://openalex.org/W3009801593","https://openalex.org/W3098041393","https://openalex.org/W3100931082","https://openalex.org/W3101571824","https://openalex.org/W3103164351","https://openalex.org/W3104500086","https://openalex.org/W4294771093","https://openalex.org/W4388667219","https://openalex.org/W4402163578","https://openalex.org/W4407953584"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310083477","https://openalex.org/W2328553770","https://openalex.org/W2920061524","https://openalex.org/W1977959518","https://openalex.org/W2038908348","https://openalex.org/W2107890255","https://openalex.org/W2106552856","https://openalex.org/W2145821588","https://openalex.org/W2086122291","https://openalex.org/W1987513656"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,39],"propose":[1],"a":[2,170],"novel":[3],"Reinforcement":[4],"Learning":[5],"(RL)":[6],"method":[7],"for":[8,55,79,84,130,173],"optimizing":[9],"quantum":[10,128,177],"circuits":[11,65,129,143],"using":[12,21],"graph-theoretic":[13],"simplification":[14],"rules":[15],"of":[16,43,66,71,82,98,106,133,152,161,176],"ZX-diagrams.":[17],"The":[18],"agent,":[19],"trained":[20],"the":[22,34,41,50,56,73,77,104,107,115,120,142,144,150,154,158,174,180],"Proximal":[23],"Policy":[24],"Optimization":[25],"(PPO)":[26],"algorithm,":[27],"employs":[28],"Graph":[29],"Neural":[30],"Networks":[31],"to":[32,88,157],"approximate":[33],"policy":[35],"and":[36,68,90,137,164],"value":[37],"functions.":[38],"demonstrate":[40],"capacity":[42],"our":[44],"approach":[45,168],"by":[46,109],"comparing":[47],"it":[48],"against":[49],"best":[51],"performing":[52],"ZX-Calculus-based":[53],"algorithm":[54],"problem":[57],"in":[58,96,179],"hand.":[59],"After":[60],"training":[61],"on":[62,114,125],"small":[63],"Clifford+T":[64],"5-qubits":[67],"few":[69],"tenths":[70],"gates,":[72,92],"agent":[74,108,145],"consistently":[75],"improves":[76],"state-of-the-art":[78,124],"this":[80],"type":[81],"circuits,":[83],"at":[85],"least":[86],"up":[87],"80-qubit":[89],"2100":[91],"whilst":[93],"remaining":[94],"competitive":[95],"terms":[97],"computational":[99],"performance.":[100],"Additionally,":[101],"we":[102],"illustrate":[103],"versatility":[105],"incorporating":[110],"additional":[111],"optimization":[112],"routines":[113],"workflow":[116],"during":[117],"training,":[118],"improving":[119],"two-qubit":[121],"gate":[122,139],"count":[123],"multiple":[126],"structured":[127],"relevant":[131],"applications":[132],"much":[134],"larger":[135],"dimension":[136],"different":[138],"distributions":[140],"than":[141],"trains":[146],"on.":[147],"This":[148],"conveys":[149],"potential":[151],"tailoring":[153],"reward":[155],"function":[156],"specific":[159],"characteristics":[160],"each":[162],"application":[163],"hardware":[165],"backend.":[166],"Our":[167],"is":[169],"valuable":[171],"tool":[172],"implementation":[175],"algorithms":[178],"near-term":[181],"intermediate-scale":[182],"range":[183],"(NISQ).":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}