{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387277693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-15-1745","title":"Trainability and Expressivity of Hamming-Weight Preserving Quantum Circuits for Machine Learning","display_name":"Trainability and Expressivity of Hamming-Weight Preserving Quantum Circuits for Machine Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387277693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-15-1745"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2025-05-15-1745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-15-1745","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2025-05-15-1745/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2025-05-15-1745/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083265924","display_name":"L\u00e9o Monbroussou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137815","display_name":"Naval Group (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/03rks9355","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137815"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159731","display_name":"LIP6","ror":"https://ror.org/05krcen59","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4210159731"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L\u00e9o Monbroussou","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEMIS, Direction Technique, Naval Group, 83190 Ollioules, France","Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique de Paris 6, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France","Information Quantique [LIP6]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEMIS, Direction Technique, Naval Group, 83190 Ollioules, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137815"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique de Paris 6, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210159731"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Quantique [LIP6]","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114439000","display_name":"Eliott Z. Mamon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159731","display_name":"LIP6","ror":"https://ror.org/05krcen59","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4210159731"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["FR","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eliott Z. Mamon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique de Paris 6, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France","School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, 10 Crichton Street, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique de Paris 6, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210159731"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, 10 Crichton Street, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069310526","display_name":"Jonas Landman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2039-5308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Landman","raw_affiliation_strings":["QC Ware, Palo Alto, USA and Paris, France","School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, 10 Crichton Street, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"QC Ware, Palo Alto, USA and Paris, France","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, 10 Crichton Street, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090313356","display_name":"Alex B. Grilo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7374-7082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159731","display_name":"LIP6","ror":"https://ror.org/05krcen59","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4210159731"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex B. Grilo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique de Paris 6, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France","Information Quantique [LIP6]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique de Paris 6, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210159731"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Quantique [LIP6]","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085199699","display_name":"R. Kukla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1140-2465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093936","display_name":"Centre de physique des particules de Marseille","ror":"https://ror.org/00fw8bp86","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210093936","https://openalex.org/I4210133362"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128565","display_name":"CEA Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03n15ch10","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137815","display_name":"Naval Group (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/03rks9355","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137815"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165232","display_name":"Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers","ror":"https://ror.org/05k705z76","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210113668","https://openalex.org/I4210165232"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","display_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01ggx4157","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}],"countries":["CH","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Romain Kukla","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEMIS, Direction Technique, Naval Group, 83190 Ollioules, France","CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research (Route de Meyrin 385, 1217 Meyrin - Switzerland)","Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille","IRFU - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (CEA Saclay\r\nF-91191 Gif sur Yvette cedex - France)","NEL Labcom - Naval Electromagnetism Laboratory [Grenoble] (21 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble - France)","Naval Group (France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEMIS, Direction Technique, Naval Group, 83190 Ollioules, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137815"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research (Route de Meyrin 385, 1217 Meyrin - Switzerland)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093936"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRFU - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (CEA Saclay\r\nF-91191 Gif sur Yvette cedex - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210128565","https://openalex.org/I4210165232"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEL Labcom - Naval Electromagnetism Laboratory [Grenoble] (21 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble - France)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Group (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137815"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052107957","display_name":"Elham Kashefi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6280-9604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159731","display_name":"LIP6","ror":"https://ror.org/05krcen59","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4210159731"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["FR","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elham Kashefi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique de Paris 6, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France","School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, 10 Crichton Street, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","School of Informatics [Edimbourg] (Informatics Forum 10 Crichton Street Edinburgh EH8 9AB - United Kingdom)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique de Paris 6, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210159731"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, 10 Crichton Street, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics [Edimbourg] (Informatics Forum 10 Crichton Street Edinburgh EH8 9AB - United Kingdom)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":13.3471,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98481167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"1745","last_page":"1745"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expressivity","display_name":"Expressivity","score":0.6290102601051331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamming-code","display_name":"Hamming code","score":0.6256062984466553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.6091695427894592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamming-distance","display_name":"Hamming distance","score":0.5170543789863586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4591914713382721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.4514273405075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.259385883808136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.20355179905891418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.14977958798408508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1428181529045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.09172576665878296}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92811239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20998670","display_name":"Expressivity","level":2,"score":0.6290102601051331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73150493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853922","display_name":"Hamming code","level":4,"score":0.6256062984466553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.6091695427894592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193319292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272172","display_name":"Hamming distance","level":2,"score":0.5170543789863586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4591914713382721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4514273405075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.259385883808136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20355179905891418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.14977958798408508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1428181529045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.09172576665878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2025-05-15-1745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-15-1745","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2025-05-15-1745/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05290907v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05290907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, 2025, 9, pp.1745. &#x27E8;10.22331/q-2025-05-15-1745&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d18d7406186d463f9ccba7313be3d9a3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d18d7406186d463f9ccba7313be3d9a3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, Vol 9, p 1745 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/41d90bef-b2ba-4149-8719-d51b07f9329b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/41d90bef-b2ba-4149-8719-d51b07f9329b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Monbroussou, L, Mamon, E Z, Landman, J, Grilo, A B, Kukla, R & Kashefi, E 2025, 'Trainability and expressivity of hamming-weight preserving quantum circuits for machine learning', Quantum, vol. 9, pp. 1-48. https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-15-1745","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/41d90bef-b2ba-4149-8719-d51b07f9329b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/41d90bef-b2ba-4149-8719-d51b07f9329b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Monbroussou, L, Mamon, E Z, Landman, J, Grilo, A B, Kukla, R & Kashefi, E 2025, 'Trainability and expressivity of hamming-weight preserving quantum circuits for machine learning', Quantum, vol. 9, pp. 1-48. https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-15-1745","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2025-05-15-1745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-15-1745","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2025-05-15-1745/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2191957979","display_name":"Etude de la pile quantique : Algorithmes, mod\u00e8les de calcul et simulation pour l\u2019informatique quantique","funder_award_id":"ANR-22-PETQ-0007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2970831653","display_name":"Initiative Nationale Hybride HPC Quantique \u2013 R&D et Support des communaut\u00e9s","funder_award_id":"ANR-22-PNCQ-0002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6096365721","display_name":"Near term quantum devices: complexity, verification and applications","funder_award_id":"ANR-22-CE47-0004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387277693.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W391578156","https://openalex.org/W1492999010","https://openalex.org/W1976675862","https://openalex.org/W1988369744","https://openalex.org/W2010865943","https://openalex.org/W2037905966","https://openalex.org/W2059522106","https://openalex.org/W2069149225","https://openalex.org/W2073479209","https://openalex.org/W2147265170","https://openalex.org/W2254754114","https://openalex.org/W2591046212","https://openalex.org/W2754868542","https://openalex.org/W2794444783","https://openalex.org/W2959466714","https://openalex.org/W3040282388","https://openalex.org/W3075559820","https://openalex.org/W3098268180","https://openalex.org/W3103545361","https://openalex.org/W3104396616","https://openalex.org/W3105877772","https://openalex.org/W3111162498","https://openalex.org/W3118800713","https://openalex.org/W3136233239","https://openalex.org/W3166275705","https://openalex.org/W3189829096","https://openalex.org/W3207073666","https://openalex.org/W4229000948","https://openalex.org/W4297688279","https://openalex.org/W4312189222","https://openalex.org/W4312224136","https://openalex.org/W4320032187","https://openalex.org/W4327713021","https://openalex.org/W4389086987","https://openalex.org/W4401814429","https://openalex.org/W4401815647","https://openalex.org/W4408320156","https://openalex.org/W6833859612"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2943247777","https://openalex.org/W2740543340","https://openalex.org/W2371167013","https://openalex.org/W1493958394","https://openalex.org/W1582340598","https://openalex.org/W2794545997","https://openalex.org/W2584980534","https://openalex.org/W2182731056","https://openalex.org/W1600949677","https://openalex.org/W2779867339"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0,115],"machine":[1],"learning":[2],"(QML)":[3],"has":[4],"become":[5],"a":[6,124,201,204],"promising":[7],"area":[8],"for":[9,127,196],"real":[10],"world":[11],"applications":[12],"of":[13,36,53,77,86,133,136,145,153,163,185,191,193,214],"quantum":[14,42,83,102,216],"computers,":[15],"but":[16],"near-term":[17],"methods":[18],"and":[19,34,73,158,199,212],"their":[20],"scalability":[21],"are":[22,107],"still":[23],"important":[24],"research":[25],"topics.":[26],"In":[27,67],"this":[28,68],"context,":[29],"we":[30,70,122,149],"analyze":[31,150],"the":[32,54,75,114,128,131,134,151,161,164,174,186,208],"trainability":[33,152,213],"controllability":[35,110,211],"specific":[37],"Hamming":[38,63,154],"weight":[39,64,155],"preserving":[40,156],"variational":[41,215],"circuits":[43,46,217],"(VQCs).":[44],"These":[45,104],"use":[47],"qubit":[48],"gates":[49],"that":[50,130,160],"preserve":[51],"subspaces":[52],"Hilbert":[55],"space,":[56],"spanned":[57],"by":[58,97,112],"basis":[59],"states":[60],"with":[61],"fixed":[62],"<mml:math":[65,87,100,165,176],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math>.":[66],"work,":[69],"first":[71],"design":[72],"prove":[74],"feasibility":[76],"new":[78],"heuristic":[79],"data":[80,105],"loaders,":[81],"performing":[82],"amplitude":[84],"encoding":[85],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow":[88,177],"class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-OPEN\"><mml:mo":[89,178],"maxsize=\"1.2em\"":[90,94,179,183],"minsize=\"1.2em\">(</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mfrac":[91,180],"linethickness=\"0\"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:mfrac><mml:mrow":[92,181],"class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-CLOSE\"><mml:mo":[93,182],"minsize=\"1.2em\">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>-dimensional":[95],"vectors":[96],"training":[98],"an":[99],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math>-qubit":[101],"circuit.":[103],"loaders":[106],"obtained":[108],"using":[109],"arguments,":[111],"checking":[113],"Fisher":[116],"Information":[117],"Matrix":[118],"(QFIM)'s":[119],"rank.":[120],"Second,":[121],"provide":[123],"theoretical":[125],"justification":[126],"fact":[129],"rank":[132],"QFIM":[135],"any":[137],"VQC":[138],"state":[139],"is":[140,144,170],"almost-everywhere":[141],"constant,":[142],"which":[143],"separate":[146],"interest.":[147],"Lastly,":[148],"circuits,":[157,198],"show":[159],"variance":[162],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:msub><mml:mi>l</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>":[166],"cost":[167],"function":[168],"gradient":[169],"bounded":[171],"according":[172],"to":[173],"dimension":[175],"minsize=\"1.2em\">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>":[184],"subspace.":[187],"This":[188],"proves":[189],"conditions":[190],"existence/lack":[192],"Barren":[194],"Plateaus":[195],"these":[197],"highlights":[200],"setting":[202],"where":[203],"recent":[205],"conjecture":[206],"on":[207],"link":[209],"between":[210],"does":[218],"not":[219],"apply.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
