{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405847002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-12-27-1577","title":"Characterization of errors in a CNOT between surface code patches","display_name":"Characterization of errors in a CNOT between surface code patches","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405847002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-12-27-1577"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2024-12-27-1577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-12-27-1577","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2024-12-27-1577/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2024-12-27-1577/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097424500","display_name":"B\u00e1lint Domokos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B\u00e1lint Domokos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, M\u0171egyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, M\u0171egyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088645410","display_name":"\u00c1ron M\u00e1rton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1ron M\u00e1rton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, M\u0171egyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, M\u0171egyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059695811","display_name":"J\u00e1nos K. Asb\u00f3th","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0962-7523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126225","display_name":"Wigner Research Centre for Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/035dsb084","country_code":"HU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126225","https://openalex.org/I4387152226"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00e1nos K. Asb\u00f3th","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, M\u0171egyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary","HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, H-1525 Budapest, P.O. Box 49., Hungary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, M\u0171egyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, H-1525 Budapest, P.O. Box 49., Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5097424500"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":1.3627,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85160598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1577","last_page":"1577"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controlled-not-gate","display_name":"Controlled NOT gate","score":0.7149235606193542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.5300350785255432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qubit","display_name":"Qubit","score":0.5177111625671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5068522095680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5045336484909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4656112492084503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.34908467531204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3023526668548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-error-correction","display_name":"Quantum error correction","score":0.29249247908592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.2038041055202484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182953411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917713","display_name":"Controlled NOT gate","level":5,"score":0.7149235606193542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.5300350785255432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.5177111625671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5068522095680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5045336484909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4656112492084503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.34908467531204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3023526668548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51003876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536431","display_name":"Quantum error correction","level":4,"score":0.29249247908592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2038041055202484}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2024-12-27-1577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-12-27-1577","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2024-12-27-1577/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2bf8f394134a44edb92873683371e5bf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2bf8f394134a44edb92873683371e5bf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, Vol 8, p 1577 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2024-12-27-1577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-12-27-1577","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2024-12-27-1577/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3275567075","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-2.1.1-NL-2022-0000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336675","funder_display_name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3514550006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Centre","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3731544974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101113946","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4308803315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-2.1.1-NL-2022-00004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336675","funder_display_name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5338225008","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101113946 Open-SuperQPlus100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5842357860","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101113946","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5987792135","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HORIZON-CL4-2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336675","display_name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405847002.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405847002.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985315536","https://openalex.org/W2026181396","https://openalex.org/W2030867075","https://openalex.org/W2079294297","https://openalex.org/W2088636071","https://openalex.org/W2107453273","https://openalex.org/W2128374633","https://openalex.org/W2135273380","https://openalex.org/W2167927798","https://openalex.org/W2521663284","https://openalex.org/W2745579037","https://openalex.org/W2753032830","https://openalex.org/W2755418751","https://openalex.org/W2886696706","https://openalex.org/W2900685854","https://openalex.org/W2922722314","https://openalex.org/W2950073260","https://openalex.org/W2963760674","https://openalex.org/W3085306040","https://openalex.org/W3098228168","https://openalex.org/W3099545137","https://openalex.org/W3100736866","https://openalex.org/W3103147273","https://openalex.org/W3104415380","https://openalex.org/W3119734911","https://openalex.org/W3135510046","https://openalex.org/W3155795538","https://openalex.org/W3169711595","https://openalex.org/W3181290353","https://openalex.org/W3182013816","https://openalex.org/W3196987254","https://openalex.org/W4225259930","https://openalex.org/W4225269940","https://openalex.org/W4225797040","https://openalex.org/W4233756358","https://openalex.org/W4281479206","https://openalex.org/W4285029287","https://openalex.org/W4321610982","https://openalex.org/W4362696683","https://openalex.org/W4388464319","https://openalex.org/W4389373471","https://openalex.org/W4390707737","https://openalex.org/W4394566516","https://openalex.org/W4400115560","https://openalex.org/W4400236195","https://openalex.org/W4404941649","https://openalex.org/W6930065024"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3022132827","https://openalex.org/W2363059504","https://openalex.org/W2017114370","https://openalex.org/W1988131941","https://openalex.org/W55408329","https://openalex.org/W2001677188","https://openalex.org/W2951432861","https://openalex.org/W2771627364","https://openalex.org/W2980068837","https://openalex.org/W2098872742"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"current":[1],"experiments":[2],"already":[3],"realize":[4],"small":[5],"quantum":[6],"circuits":[7],"on":[8,23,99,155],"error":[9,26,46,121,143],"corrected":[10],"qubits,":[11],"it":[12],"is":[13],"important":[14],"to":[15,74],"fully":[16,116],"understand":[17],"the":[18,24,55,60,65,77,87,100,108,111,118,124,132,141,156],"effect":[19],"of":[20,28,59,67,81,102,123,131,140],"physical":[21,103],"errors":[22,154],"logical":[25,51,120,142,157],"channels":[27],"these":[29],"fault-tolerant":[30],"circuits.":[31],"Here,":[32],"we":[33,63],"investigate":[34],"a":[35,129,138],"lattice-surgery-based":[36,125],"CNOT":[37,61,133],"operation":[38],"between":[39,110,150],"two":[40],"surface":[41],"code":[42,112],"patches":[43],"under":[44,161],"phenomenological":[45],"models.":[47],"(i)":[48],"For":[49],"two-qubit":[50,119],"Pauli":[52],"measurements":[53],"\u2013":[54,62],"elementary":[56],"building":[57],"block":[58],"optimize":[64],"number":[66,89],"stabilizer":[68],"measurement":[69],"rounds,":[70],"usually":[71],"taken":[72],"equal":[73],"<mml:math":[75,96],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math>,":[76,97],"size":[78],"(code":[79],"distance)":[80],"each":[82],"patch.":[83],"We":[84,115,127,145],"find":[85,128,147],"that":[86,135,148],"optimal":[88],"can":[90],"be":[91],"greater":[92],"or":[93],"smaller":[94],"than":[95],"depending":[98],"rate":[101],"and":[104,107,152],"readout":[105],"errors,":[106],"separation":[109],"patches.":[113],"(ii)":[114],"characterize":[117],"channel":[122],"CNOT.":[126],"symmetry":[130,139],"protocol,":[134],"results":[136],"in":[137],"channel.":[144],"also":[146],"correlations":[149],"X":[151],"Z":[153],"level":[158],"are":[159],"suppressed":[160],"minimum":[162],"weight":[163],"decoding.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
