{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405499710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-12-17-1568","title":"Fiat-Shamir for Proofs Lacks a Proof Even in the Presence of Shared Entanglement","display_name":"Fiat-Shamir for Proofs Lacks a Proof Even in the Presence of Shared Entanglement","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405499710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-12-17-1568"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2024-12-17-1568","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-12-17-1568","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2024-12-17-1568/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2024-12-17-1568/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066085467","display_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Dupuis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5586-0505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Dupuis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (DIRO), Montr\u00e9al, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (DIRO), Montr\u00e9al, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044037051","display_name":"Philippe Lamontagne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4122-0208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippe Lamontagne","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada","Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (DIRO), Montr\u00e9al, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (DIRO), Montr\u00e9al, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059511887","display_name":"Louis Salvail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0614-4714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louis Salvail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (DIRO), Montr\u00e9al, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (DIRO), Montr\u00e9al, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066085467"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":0.3595,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70066085,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1568","last_page":"1568"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.8913589119911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-entanglement","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","score":0.6984941959381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43042951822280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.338882178068161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.1271313726902008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1261887550354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.09897181391716003}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.8913589119911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.6984941959381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43042951822280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.338882178068161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1271313726902008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1261887550354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.09897181391716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2024-12-17-1568","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-12-17-1568","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2024-12-17-1568/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.ca:cistinparc:7b4f9def-b6d8-4451-a3fd-a03281faf04a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/author/version/?id=7b4f9def-b6d8-4451-a3fd-a03281faf04a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055245","display_name":"NPARC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c6b29ddc30fc4a2685e5e9308578bfc7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c6b29ddc30fc4a2685e5e9308578bfc7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, Vol 8, p 1568 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2024-12-17-1568","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-12-17-1568","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2024-12-17-1568/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405499710.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405499710.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75861488","https://openalex.org/W1493465382","https://openalex.org/W1499934958","https://openalex.org/W1505345253","https://openalex.org/W1549361339","https://openalex.org/W1555505299","https://openalex.org/W1577653766","https://openalex.org/W1589034595","https://openalex.org/W1625658248","https://openalex.org/W1646354800","https://openalex.org/W1867273832","https://openalex.org/W1972876358","https://openalex.org/W1998169277","https://openalex.org/W2004881597","https://openalex.org/W2007000413","https://openalex.org/W2026103473","https://openalex.org/W2038517014","https://openalex.org/W2046938896","https://openalex.org/W2051250911","https://openalex.org/W2052267638","https://openalex.org/W2067047774","https://openalex.org/W2070767505","https://openalex.org/W2079913403","https://openalex.org/W2087736116","https://openalex.org/W2093704631","https://openalex.org/W2099101264","https://openalex.org/W2100862778","https://openalex.org/W2114118999","https://openalex.org/W2119200368","https://openalex.org/W2120154759","https://openalex.org/W2134348739","https://openalex.org/W2151608175","https://openalex.org/W2152688060","https://openalex.org/W2166462813","https://openalex.org/W2188989666","https://openalex.org/W2280984960","https://openalex.org/W2752822516","https://openalex.org/W2917473520","https://openalex.org/W2963561658","https://openalex.org/W2967898990","https://openalex.org/W2968094846","https://openalex.org/W3081357568","https://openalex.org/W3110818649","https://openalex.org/W3161181029","https://openalex.org/W3170037468","https://openalex.org/W4304891369","https://openalex.org/W4312351330","https://openalex.org/W4317928293","https://openalex.org/W4394664162","https://openalex.org/W4401666630","https://openalex.org/W4401666668"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W4394650907","https://openalex.org/W154364797","https://openalex.org/W4254119641","https://openalex.org/W3196207352","https://openalex.org/W2951724202","https://openalex.org/W3084261076","https://openalex.org/W2576399385"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,30,104,218],"explore":[1],"the":[2,24,33,47,65,75,124,135,151,170,174,191,207,211,231,237,243,253,263,307],"cryptographic":[3,187],"power":[4],"of":[5,26,64,99,123,172,177,215,234,246,256,277],"arbitrary":[6],"shared":[7],"physical":[8],"resources.":[9],"The":[10,57],"most":[11],"general":[12],"such":[13],"resource":[14],"is":[15,60,164],"access":[16],"to":[17,46,70,128,185,262,302],"a":[18,61,78,86,93,109,178,181,186,196,221,247,269,274],"fresh":[19],"entangled":[20,95],"quantum":[21,198,278,284],"state":[22,96],"at":[23],"outset":[25],"each":[27],"protocol":[28,147,225],"execution.":[29],"call":[31],"this":[32,106],"<mml:math":[34,49,110,125,136,142,227,248,303],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow":[35,50,111],"class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mml:mtext":[36,51,112],"class=\"MJX-tex-mathit\"":[37,52,113],"mathvariant=\"italic\">Common":[38,53],"Reference":[39,54],"Quantum":[40],"State":[41],"(CRQS)</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>":[42],"model,":[43],"in":[44,74,97,150,206,306],"analogy":[45],"well-known":[48],"String":[55],"(CRS)</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>.":[56],"CRQS":[58,79,152,208,212,264],"model":[59,67,153,209],"natural":[62],"generalization":[63],"CRS":[66],"but":[68],"appears":[69],"be":[71,155,292],"more":[72],"powerful:":[73],"two-party":[76],"setting,":[77],"can":[80,154],"sometimes":[81],"exhibit":[82],"properties":[83],"associated":[84],"with":[85],"Random":[87,116],"Oracle":[88,117],"queried":[89],"once":[90],"by":[91,157,180],"measuring":[92],"maximally":[94],"one":[98],"many":[100],"mutually":[101],"unbiased":[102],"bases.":[103],"formalize":[105],"notion":[107],"as":[108],"mathvariant=\"italic\">Weak":[114],"One-Time":[115],"(WOTRO)</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>,":[118],"where":[119,226,283],"we":[120,194,241,267],"only":[121,214],"ask":[122],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mi>m</mml:mi></mml:math>-bit":[126],"output":[127],"have":[129,286],"some":[130],"randomness":[131],"when":[132,141],"conditioned":[133],"on":[134],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math>-bit":[137],"input.We":[138],"show":[139,242,268],"that":[140,203,290],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>&amp;#x2212;</mml:mo><mml:mi>m</mml:mi><mml:mo>&amp;#x2208;</mml:mo><mml:mi>&amp;#x03C9;</mml:mi><mml:mo":[143],"stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>lg</mml:mi><mml:mo>&amp;#x2061;</mml:mo><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo":[144],"stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo></mml:math>,":[145],"any":[146],"for":[148,200,273],"WOTRO":[149,205,224,235],"attacked":[156],"an":[158,287],"(inefficient)":[159],"adversary.":[160],"Moreover,":[161],"our":[162],"adversary":[163],"efficiently":[165],"simulatable,":[166],"which":[167],"rules":[168],"out":[169],"possibility":[171],"proving":[173],"computational":[175],"security":[176],"scheme":[179],"fully":[182],"black-box":[183],"reduction":[184],"game":[188],"assumption.":[189],"On":[190],"other":[192],"hand,":[193],"introduce":[195],"non-game":[197],"assumption":[199],"hash":[201,230],"functions":[202],"implies":[204],"(where":[210],"consists":[213],"EPR":[216],"pairs).":[217],"first":[219],"build":[220],"statistically":[222],"secure":[223],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mi>m</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math>,":[228],"then":[229],"output.The":[232],"impossibility":[233,245,254,271],"has":[236],"following":[238],"consequences.":[239],"First,":[240],"fully-black-box":[244,270],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mi>q</mml:mi><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mi>m</mml:mi></mml:math>":[249],"Fiat-Shamir":[250],"transform,":[251],"extending":[252],"result":[255,272],"Bitansky":[257],"et":[258],"al.":[259],"(TCC":[260],"2013)":[261],"model.":[265,309],"Second,":[266],"strenghtened":[275],"version":[276],"lightning":[279],"(Zhandry,":[280],"Eurocrypt":[281],"2019)":[282],"bolts":[285],"additional":[288],"parameter":[289],"cannot":[291],"changed":[293],"without":[294],"generating":[295],"new":[296],"bolts.":[297],"Our":[298],"results":[299],"also":[300],"apply":[301],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:math>-message":[304],"protocols":[305],"plain":[308]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T06:13:28.667946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}