{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403076439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-09-17-1474","title":"End-to-end complexity for simulating the Schwinger model on quantum computers","display_name":"End-to-end complexity for simulating the Schwinger model on quantum computers","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403076439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-09-17-1474"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2024-09-17-1474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-09-17-1474","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2024-09-17-1474/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2024-09-17-1474/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074705824","display_name":"Kazuki Sakamoto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kazuki Sakamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092372343","display_name":"Hayata Morisaki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayata Morisaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085532256","display_name":"Junichi Haruna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1828-8183"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junichi Haruna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University 560-0043, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University 560-0043, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088726324","display_name":"Etsuko Itou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9951-3468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110652","display_name":"RIKEN","ror":"https://ror.org/01sjwvz98","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Etsuko Itou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Gravitational Physics, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan","Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS), RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Gravitational Physics, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS), RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055647978","display_name":"Keisuke Fujii","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0390-9984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165842","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics","ror":"https://ror.org/05vmjks78","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210165842"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keisuke Fujii","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Quantum Computing, RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako Saitama 351-0198, Japan","Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University 560-0043, Japan","Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Quantum Computing, RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako Saitama 351-0198, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165842"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University 560-0043, Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035558241","display_name":"Kosuke Mitarai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9056-316X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kosuke Mitarai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University 560-0043, Japan","Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University 560-0043, Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074705824"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":2.044,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88873285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1474","last_page":"1474"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-principle","display_name":"End-to-end principle","score":0.5688735842704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5025124549865723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.4696480631828308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.46872127056121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.4094541668891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3574976325035095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.20038965344429016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13139736652374268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74296488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527392","display_name":"End-to-end principle","level":2,"score":0.5688735842704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5025124549865723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.4696480631828308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.46872127056121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.4094541668891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3574976325035095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.20038965344429016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13139736652374268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2024-09-17-1474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-09-17-1474","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2024-09-17-1474/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:24040a4867804c0d99dd0112f828ca60","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/24040a4867804c0d99dd0112f828ca60","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, Vol 8, p 1474 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2024-09-17-1474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-09-17-1474","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2024-09-17-1474/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1009686325","display_name":"\u52a0\u8302\u5ddd, \u6cb3\u5ddd\u6c34\u306e\u5206\u6790\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u8abf\u67fb","funder_award_id":"23041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1069223013","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JSPS KAKENHI","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1257341445","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMXS0118067394","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1395462747","display_name":"\u677f\u7891\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u7814\u7a76\u3068\u96c6\u9332\u306e\u4f5c\u88fd","funder_award_id":"12031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3236194794","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant-in-Aid","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3291250701","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KAKENHI","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338111","funder_display_name":"Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3459562248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3670916553","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21H05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3999249018","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMXS0118067394","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4023031295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMXS0120319794","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4062414879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JSPS KAKENHI","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4158682752","display_name":"\u5730\u57df\u958b\u767a\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3059\u308b\u6c34\u707d\u5bb3\u3068\u305d\u306e\u5236\u5fa1\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"102023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4170161455","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PRESTO","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4401697378","display_name":"\u8868\u9762\u30a8\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ed\u30cb\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u7dcf\u5408\u7684\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"011806","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4636223006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JSPS KAK","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4756544946","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP21H05190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4831077364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJPR2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338111","funder_display_name":"Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4874944895","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-in-Aid","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5275536753","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23H03819","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5518604981","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PREST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338111","funder_display_name":"Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5567475573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJPF2014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5772580464","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23H03819","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5947901663","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJPF2221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6073885613","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MXP1020230411","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6267471473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant-in-Aid","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6403684326","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMXP1020230411","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6448606574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7148736649","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PRESTO","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7174851117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23H05439","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7467597588","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21H05190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7492538774","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJPF2014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338111","funder_display_name":"Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7548693940","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJPF2221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338111","funder_display_name":"Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7599130655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7792931547","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MEXT Q-LEAP","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7836843767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Q-LEAP","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8045216944","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMXS0120319794","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8430481527","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Number","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G938797401","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MXS012031979","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/048rj2z13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338111","display_name":"Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403076439.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403076439.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":117,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1663839511","https://openalex.org/W1837872938","https://openalex.org/W1866699241","https://openalex.org/W1965435266","https://openalex.org/W1965731707","https://openalex.org/W1974260163","https://openalex.org/W1982899292","https://openalex.org/W1985671429","https://openalex.org/W1987857011","https://openalex.org/W1989818853","https://openalex.org/W1998921744","https://openalex.org/W2015342873","https://openalex.org/W2020295441","https://openalex.org/W2033990881","https://openalex.org/W2040792108","https://openalex.org/W2051015234","https://openalex.org/W2055025419","https://openalex.org/W2055594733","https://openalex.org/W2057341444","https://openalex.org/W2066229005","https://openalex.org/W2067715726","https://openalex.org/W2093212801","https://openalex.org/W2116928186","https://openalex.org/W2121981260","https://openalex.org/W2133921592","https://openalex.org/W2150528339","https://openalex.org/W2151365767","https://openalex.org/W2160049695","https://openalex.org/W2165985653","https://openalex.org/W2179731956","https://openalex.org/W2297636121","https://openalex.org/W2394549188","https://openalex.org/W2414194370","https://openalex.org/W2535738892","https://openalex.org/W2560202852","https://openalex.org/W2563205217","https://openalex.org/W2589046702","https://openalex.org/W2590068681","https://openalex.org/W2593024776","https://openalex.org/W2759506558","https://openalex.org/W2761673598","https://openalex.org/W2767036532","https://openalex.org/W2783316621","https://openalex.org/W2794902311","https://openalex.org/W2795534239","https://openalex.org/W2796335521","https://openalex.org/W2801305581","https://openalex.org/W2805612073","https://openalex.org/W2813120584","https://openalex.org/W2886696706","https://openalex.org/W2902785919","https://openalex.org/W2908019568","https://openalex.org/W2944838167","https://openalex.org/W2945632438","https://openalex.org/W2952783763","https://openalex.org/W2964608105","https://openalex.org/W2967776020","https://openalex.org/W2968297985","https://openalex.org/W2972717674","https://openalex.org/W2983081883","https://openalex.org/W2990442724","https://openalex.org/W2990961515","https://openalex.org/W2995849402","https://openalex.org/W2998230814","https://openalex.org/W2998842053","https://openalex.org/W3008670164","https://openalex.org/W3011002537","https://openalex.org/W3043792635","https://openalex.org/W3045800111","https://openalex.org/W3098228168","https://openalex.org/W3099828513","https://openalex.org/W3100477439","https://openalex.org/W3101824094","https://openalex.org/W3101979941","https://openalex.org/W3102161549","https://openalex.org/W3102239087","https://openalex.org/W3102427691","https://openalex.org/W3102898748","https://openalex.org/W3103910773","https://openalex.org/W3104244784","https://openalex.org/W3104433882","https://openalex.org/W3105445031","https://openalex.org/W3106120343","https://openalex.org/W3107978475","https://openalex.org/W3112648718","https://openalex.org/W3124815062","https://openalex.org/W3138943493","https://openalex.org/W3168861230","https://openalex.org/W3182253249","https://openalex.org/W3184837229","https://openalex.org/W3185552024","https://openalex.org/W3197086115","https://openalex.org/W3198317698","https://openalex.org/W3205455864","https://openalex.org/W4206522777","https://openalex.org/W4206523673","https://openalex.org/W4229016961","https://openalex.org/W4234761517","https://openalex.org/W4280601232","https://openalex.org/W4281715012","https://openalex.org/W4286894817","https://openalex.org/W4296680572","https://openalex.org/W4310253360","https://openalex.org/W4322775979","https://openalex.org/W4323041112","https://openalex.org/W4367841521","https://openalex.org/W4385491654","https://openalex.org/W4385971914","https://openalex.org/W4386754786","https://openalex.org/W4388304606","https://openalex.org/W4389222324","https://openalex.org/W4390036244","https://openalex.org/W4394912675","https://openalex.org/W4396240627","https://openalex.org/W4396865684","https://openalex.org/W4399208307","https://openalex.org/W6605301533"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2935759653","https://openalex.org/W3105167352","https://openalex.org/W54078636","https://openalex.org/W2954470139","https://openalex.org/W1501425562","https://openalex.org/W2902782467","https://openalex.org/W3084825885","https://openalex.org/W2298861036","https://openalex.org/W2271181815"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Schwinger":[1,78],"model":[2,19,79],"is":[3,11],"one":[4],"of":[5,17,74,76,84,93,183],"the":[6,18,22,27,50,77,82,85,123,160,181,187,194],"simplest":[7],"gauge":[8],"theories.":[9],"It":[10],"known":[12],"that":[13,60,132],"a":[14,90,128,134,152,155,201],"topological":[15],"term":[16],"leads":[20],"to":[21,34,56,63],"infamous":[23],"sign":[24],"problem":[25],"in":[26,39,186,196],"classical":[28,66],"Monte":[29],"Carlo":[30],"method.":[31],"In":[32,45],"contrast":[33],"this,":[35],"recently,":[36],"quantum":[37,54,184],"computing":[38],"Hamiltonian":[40],"formalism":[41],"has":[42],"gained":[43],"attention.":[44],"this":[46,87],"work,":[47],"we":[48,69,121,130],"estimate":[49],"resources":[51],"needed":[52],"for":[53,133],"computers":[55,185],"compute":[57,64,122],"physical":[58],"quantities":[59],"are":[61],"challenging":[62],"on":[65],"computers.":[67],"Specifically,":[68],"propose":[70],"an":[71,118,140,146],"efficient":[72],"implementation":[73],"block-encoding":[75,88],"Hamiltonian.":[80],"Considering":[81],"structure":[83],"Hamiltonian,":[86],"with":[89,145],"normalization":[91],"factor":[92],"<mml:math":[94,105,137,143,149,157,169],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow":[95,106],"class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mml:mi":[96,107],"class=\"MJX-tex-caligraphic\"":[97,108],"mathvariant=\"script\">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo":[98,109],"stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo":[99],"stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo></mml:math>":[100,114],"can":[101,164],"be":[102,165],"implemented":[103],"using":[104,167],"stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>log</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo>&amp;#x2061;</mml:mo><mml:mo":[110],"stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mrow":[111],"class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mml:mo>/</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mi>&amp;#x03B5;</mml:mi><mml:mo":[112],"stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo><mml:mo":[113],"T":[115,172],"gates.":[116,173],"As":[117,127],"end-to-end":[119],"application,":[120],"vacuum":[124,161],"persistence":[125,162],"amplitude.":[126],"result,":[129],"found":[131],"system":[135],"size":[136],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>128</mml:mn></mml:math>":[138],"and":[139,151,189],"additive":[141],"error":[142],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mi>&amp;#x03B5;</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01</mml:mn></mml:math>,":[144],"evolution":[147],"time":[148],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:math>":[150],"lattice":[153],"spacing":[154],"satisfying":[156],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mrow":[158],"class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mml:mo>/</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:math>,":[159],"amplitude":[163],"calculated":[166],"about":[168,180],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:msup><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mrow":[170],"class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math>":[171],"Our":[174],"results":[175],"provide":[176],"insights":[177],"into":[178],"predictions":[179],"performance":[182],"FTQC":[188,191],"early":[190],"era,":[192],"clarifying":[193],"challenges":[195],"solving":[197],"meaningful":[198],"problems":[199],"within":[200],"realistic":[202],"timeframe.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}