{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399538218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-06-11-1366","title":"Schr\u00f6dinger as a Quantum Programmer: Estimating Entanglement via Steering","display_name":"Schr\u00f6dinger as a Quantum Programmer: Estimating Entanglement via Steering","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399538218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-06-11-1366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2024-06-11-1366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-06-11-1366","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2024-06-11-1366/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2024-06-11-1366/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018243078","display_name":"Aby Philip","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4608-7522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aby Philip","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059941531","display_name":"Soorya Rethinasamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8849-3748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soorya Rethinasamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088433578","display_name":"Vincent M. Russo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8952-8981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164358","display_name":"Unitary Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/04wxag453","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164358"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Russo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unitary Fund"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unitary Fund","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037632925","display_name":"Mark M. Wilde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3916-4462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark M. Wilde","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018243078"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":1.441,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84103477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1366","last_page":"1366"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.6544262170791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-entanglement","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","score":0.627172589302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5782434940338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.5552268028259277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameterized-complexity","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","score":0.49188899993896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-state","display_name":"Quantum state","score":0.4810638427734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-circuit","display_name":"Quantum circuit","score":0.46677035093307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4578785300254822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.44784677028656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.4434615671634674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4372079074382782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-network","display_name":"Quantum network","score":0.25396326184272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.21437647938728333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12771615386009216}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.6544262170791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.627172589302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5782434940338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.5552268028259277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570441","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","level":2,"score":0.49188899993896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15706264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230883","display_name":"Quantum state","level":3,"score":0.4810638427734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124148022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122210","display_name":"Quantum circuit","level":5,"score":0.46677035093307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4578785300254822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.44784677028656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4434615671634674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4372079074382782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.25396326184272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.21437647938728333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12771615386009216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2024-06-11-1366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-06-11-1366","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2024-06-11-1366/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4acbaf28fdfc4b4fa199440ce82be398","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4acbaf28fdfc4b4fa199440ce82be398","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, Vol 8, p 1366 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2024-06-11-1366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-06-11-1366","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2024-06-11-1366/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7901318048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-23-2-0031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8635401186","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1907615","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399538218.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":101,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1612743689","https://openalex.org/W1621050367","https://openalex.org/W1644115585","https://openalex.org/W1912528535","https://openalex.org/W1971684380","https://openalex.org/W1978553093","https://openalex.org/W1979089304","https://openalex.org/W1986407511","https://openalex.org/W2000902630","https://openalex.org/W2016990905","https://openalex.org/W2019630194","https://openalex.org/W2020725861","https://openalex.org/W2025236523","https://openalex.org/W2026868828","https://openalex.org/W2034920898","https://openalex.org/W2040794877","https://openalex.org/W2042134536","https://openalex.org/W2044630019","https://openalex.org/W2044949772","https://openalex.org/W2046063033","https://openalex.org/W2046716184","https://openalex.org/W2051051926","https://openalex.org/W2051869207","https://openalex.org/W2053834448","https://openalex.org/W2058701696","https://openalex.org/W2060887031","https://openalex.org/W2062292260","https://openalex.org/W2066331763","https://openalex.org/W2100234202","https://openalex.org/W2100827027","https://openalex.org/W2116560510","https://openalex.org/W2120279343","https://openalex.org/W2123829027","https://openalex.org/W2124792389","https://openalex.org/W2130552983","https://openalex.org/W2144126354","https://openalex.org/W2167346196","https://openalex.org/W2170050129","https://openalex.org/W2171823766","https://openalex.org/W2271921877","https://openalex.org/W2337508203","https://openalex.org/W2739025392","https://openalex.org/W2755255888","https://openalex.org/W2774772579","https://openalex.org/W2776284526","https://openalex.org/W2794444783","https://openalex.org/W2794850800","https://openalex.org/W2804172638","https://openalex.org/W2811032035","https://openalex.org/W2827736084","https://openalex.org/W2890221835","https://openalex.org/W2912726002","https://openalex.org/W2949775108","https://openalex.org/W2952802321","https://openalex.org/W2952829825","https://openalex.org/W2962912624","https://openalex.org/W2969481126","https://openalex.org/W2989247906","https://openalex.org/W2990961515","https://openalex.org/W2995427418","https://openalex.org/W3037256833","https://openalex.org/W3037637275","https://openalex.org/W3037687232","https://openalex.org/W3037737784","https://openalex.org/W3038125210","https://openalex.org/W3101305239","https://openalex.org/W3102622152","https://openalex.org/W3103715576","https://openalex.org/W3103889881","https://openalex.org/W3104396616","https://openalex.org/W3111162498","https://openalex.org/W3116342656","https://openalex.org/W3136233239","https://openalex.org/W3155050354","https://openalex.org/W3161015373","https://openalex.org/W3164133741","https://openalex.org/W3187545495","https://openalex.org/W3188877029","https://openalex.org/W3194247052","https://openalex.org/W3203972939","https://openalex.org/W3208307853","https://openalex.org/W3213938626","https://openalex.org/W4213004663","https://openalex.org/W4213028091","https://openalex.org/W4220902638","https://openalex.org/W4224948574","https://openalex.org/W4226258657","https://openalex.org/W4231127907","https://openalex.org/W4236541507","https://openalex.org/W4248555592","https://openalex.org/W4251103279","https://openalex.org/W4292103867","https://openalex.org/W4297109210","https://openalex.org/W4298227433","https://openalex.org/W4311344733","https://openalex.org/W4319663679","https://openalex.org/W4321610982","https://openalex.org/W4378087612","https://openalex.org/W4389794602","https://openalex.org/W4391874170","https://openalex.org/W6931031300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2409877639","https://openalex.org/W4388704119","https://openalex.org/W2910123824","https://openalex.org/W4281550036","https://openalex.org/W3206120658","https://openalex.org/W4390992964","https://openalex.org/W3131420525","https://openalex.org/W4387560890","https://openalex.org/W4308949227","https://openalex.org/W4225337998"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantifying":[0],"entanglement":[1],"is":[2,122,134],"an":[3],"important":[4],"task":[5],"by":[6,35,45],"which":[7],"the":[8,28,37,41,68,81,99,102,117,158,172,198],"resourcefulness":[9],"of":[10,30,51,67,70,88,101,107,200],"a":[11,20,31,52,59,65,73,85,94,105,123,129,182,201,206],"quantum":[12,21,38,54,125,137,150,188,191],"state":[13,34,69],"can":[14],"be":[15],"measured.":[16],"Here,":[17],"we":[18,97],"develop":[19,163],"algorithm":[22,127],"that":[23,133,139,170],"tests":[24],"for":[25],"and":[26,72,111,152,190],"quantifies":[27],"separability":[29,48,131],"general":[32],"bipartite":[33],"using":[36],"steering":[39,126],"effect,":[40],"latter":[42],"initially":[43],"discovered":[44],"Schr\u00f6dinger.":[46],"Our":[47],"test":[49,132],"consists":[50],"distributed":[53],"computation":[55],"involving":[56],"two":[57],"parties:":[58],"computationally":[60,74],"limited":[61],"client,":[62],"who":[63,77],"prepares":[64],"purification":[66],"interest,":[71],"unbounded":[75],"server,":[76],"tries":[78],"to":[79,84,115],"steer":[80],"reduced":[82],"systems":[83],"probabilistic":[86],"ensemble":[87],"pure":[89],"product":[90],"states.":[91],"To":[92],"design":[93],"practical":[95],"algorithm,":[96],"replace":[98],"role":[100],"server":[103],"with":[104],"combination":[106],"parameterized":[108,202],"unitary":[109],"circuits":[110],"classical":[112,168],"optimization":[113],"techniques":[114],"perform":[116],"necessary":[118],"computation.":[119],"The":[120],"result":[121],"variational":[124],"(VQSA),":[128],"modified":[130],"implementable":[135],"on":[136,148,157,167],"computers":[138],"are":[140],"available":[141],"today.":[142],"We":[143,161],"then":[144],"simulate":[145],"our":[146,176,179],"VQSA":[147],"noisy":[149],"simulators":[151],"find":[153],"favorable":[154],"convergence":[155],"properties":[156],"examples":[159],"tested.":[160],"also":[162,196],"semidefinite":[164],"programs,":[165],"executable":[166],"computers,":[169],"benchmark":[171],"results":[173],"obtained":[174],"from":[175],"VQSA.":[177,207],"Thus,":[178],"findings":[180],"provide":[181],"meaningful":[183],"connection":[184],"between":[185],"steering,":[186],"entanglement,":[187],"algorithms,":[189],"computational":[192],"complexity":[193],"theory.":[194],"They":[195],"demonstrate":[197],"value":[199],"mid-circuit":[203],"measurement":[204],"in":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T06:11:40.159057","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
