{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390059754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-12-21-1214","title":"Determining the ability for universal quantum computing: Testing controllability via dimensional expressivity","display_name":"Determining the ability for universal quantum computing: Testing controllability via dimensional expressivity","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390059754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-12-21-1214"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2023-12-21-1214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-12-21-1214","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2023-12-21-1214/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2023-12-21-1214/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061064015","display_name":"Fernando Gago-Encinas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6689-6346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Gago-Encinas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fachbereich Physik and Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fachbereich Physik and Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028559826","display_name":"Tobias Hartung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-5232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157227730","display_name":"University of East London","ror":"https://ror.org/057jrqr44","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Hartung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, 440 Huntington Avenue, 202 West Village H Boston, MA 02115, USA","Northeastern University London, Devon House, St Katharine Docks, London, E1W 1LP, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, 440 Huntington Avenue, 202 West Village H Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University London, Devon House, St Katharine Docks, London, E1W 1LP, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067664592","display_name":"Daniel M. Reich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1381-6300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel M. Reich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fachbereich Physik and Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fachbereich Physik and Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089256467","display_name":"Karl Jansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-7591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113364","display_name":"John von Neumann Institute for Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/02zmk8084","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I169556180","https://openalex.org/I171892758","https://openalex.org/I2801876189","https://openalex.org/I4210113364"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl Jansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIC, DESY Zeuthen, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIC, DESY Zeuthen, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113364"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070375842","display_name":"Christiane P. Koch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6285-5766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christiane P. Koch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fachbereich Physik and Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fachbereich Physik and Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061064015"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":0.3457,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67992124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1214","last_page":"1214"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controllability","display_name":"Controllability","score":0.9253017902374268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qubit","display_name":"Qubit","score":0.7992416620254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-gate","display_name":"Quantum gate","score":0.6088189482688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.6039943099021912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.567603349685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.5381408929824829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-circuit","display_name":"Quantum circuit","score":0.5356727242469788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.5319303274154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unitary-state","display_name":"Unitary state","score":0.5317949652671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.4410002827644348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.4118438959121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.40772393345832825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.37946057319641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3747064769268036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31211239099502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-error-correction","display_name":"Quantum error correction","score":0.3083374798297882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.19216004014015198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15596285462379456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.12741944193840027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48209547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331104","display_name":"Controllability","level":2,"score":0.9253017902374268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.7992416620254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58849907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118982","display_name":"Quantum gate","level":4,"score":0.6088189482688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.6039943099021912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.567603349685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.5381408929824829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124148022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122210","display_name":"Quantum circuit","level":5,"score":0.5356727242469788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5319303274154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67820243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179164","display_name":"Unitary state","level":2,"score":0.5317949652671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4410002827644348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.4118438959121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.40772393345832825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.37946057319641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3747064769268036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31211239099502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51003876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536431","display_name":"Quantum error correction","level":4,"score":0.3083374798297882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.19216004014015198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15596285462379456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.12741944193840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2023-12-21-1214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-12-21-1214","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2023-12-21-1214/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:34018d94ba72492a9301f019baef03cc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/34018d94ba72492a9301f019baef03cc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, Vol 7, p 1214 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2023-12-21-1214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-12-21-1214","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2023-12-21-1214/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5106512922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7267094152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"277101999","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7399398987","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TRR 183","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7747016121","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Projektnummer","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390059754.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1894491172","https://openalex.org/W1976675862","https://openalex.org/W1985601705","https://openalex.org/W1988369744","https://openalex.org/W1999634325","https://openalex.org/W2004689433","https://openalex.org/W2015775929","https://openalex.org/W2035019077","https://openalex.org/W2043300475","https://openalex.org/W2069427982","https://openalex.org/W2080841238","https://openalex.org/W2116102644","https://openalex.org/W2158876405","https://openalex.org/W2161685427","https://openalex.org/W2257937122","https://openalex.org/W2331085756","https://openalex.org/W2755255888","https://openalex.org/W2781738013","https://openalex.org/W2945680873","https://openalex.org/W2947902637","https://openalex.org/W2950805899","https://openalex.org/W2963451028","https://openalex.org/W2990961515","https://openalex.org/W3086716958","https://openalex.org/W3087518779","https://openalex.org/W3090453066","https://openalex.org/W3100923705","https://openalex.org/W3100931082","https://openalex.org/W3101427288","https://openalex.org/W3102951873","https://openalex.org/W3103558166","https://openalex.org/W3107968153","https://openalex.org/W3111162498","https://openalex.org/W3120852106","https://openalex.org/W3144849350","https://openalex.org/W3147275230","https://openalex.org/W3211629182","https://openalex.org/W4205416474","https://openalex.org/W4220749560","https://openalex.org/W4229011591","https://openalex.org/W4248613038","https://openalex.org/W4286001073","https://openalex.org/W4289705280","https://openalex.org/W4381436393","https://openalex.org/W4382046920"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375959436","https://openalex.org/W1986555820","https://openalex.org/W2037426566","https://openalex.org/W2916307283","https://openalex.org/W4300979534","https://openalex.org/W4385310265","https://openalex.org/W3092615945","https://openalex.org/W2254754114","https://openalex.org/W3022389416","https://openalex.org/W4303422201"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Operator":[0],"controllability":[1,74],"refers":[2],"to":[3,6,32,77,98,113],"the":[4,27,34,46,54,78,93,96,114],"ability":[5],"implement":[7],"an":[8],"arbitrary":[9],"unitary":[10],"in":[11,26],"SU(N)":[12],"and":[13,104],"is":[14,42,75],"a":[15,61,67,110],"prerequisite":[16],"for":[17],"universal":[18],"quantum":[19,30,69,118],"computing.":[20],"Controllability":[21],"tests":[22],"can":[23,84],"be":[24,85],"used":[25],"design":[28,116],"of":[29,36,49,56,80,95,117],"devices":[31],"reduce":[33],"number":[35,55,79],"external":[37],"controls.":[38,106],"Their":[39],"practical":[40],"use":[41],"hampered,":[43],"however,":[44],"by":[45,87],"exponential":[47],"scaling":[48],"their":[50],"numerical":[51],"effort":[52],"with":[53,101],"qubits.":[57],"Here,":[58],"we":[59],"devise":[60],"hybrid":[62],"quantum-classical":[63],"algorithm":[64,97],"based":[65],"on":[66],"parametrized":[68],"circuit.":[70],"We":[71,91],"show":[72],"that":[73],"linked":[76],"independent":[81],"parameters,":[82],"which":[83],"obtained":[86],"dimensional":[88],"expressivity":[89],"analysis.":[90],"exemplify":[92],"application":[94],"qubit":[99],"arrays":[100],"nearest-neighbour":[102],"couplings":[103],"local":[105],"Our":[107],"work":[108],"provides":[109],"systematic":[111],"approach":[112],"resource-efficient":[115],"chips.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}