{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376123241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-05-04-995","title":"Measurement optimization of variational quantum simulation by classical shadow and derandomization","display_name":"Measurement optimization of variational quantum simulation by classical shadow and derandomization","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376123241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-05-04-995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2023-05-04-995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-05-04-995","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2023-05-04-995/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2023-05-04-995/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036613384","display_name":"Kouhei Nakaji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["CA","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kouhei Nakaji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Current address: Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","Device Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Current address: Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Device Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082360196","display_name":"Suguru Endo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2317-3751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suguru Endo","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Computer and Data Science laboratories, NTT corporation, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8585, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Computer and Data Science laboratories, NTT corporation, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8585, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009403828","display_name":"Yuichiro Matsuzaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6814-3778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuichiro Matsuzaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Device Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Device Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070400810","display_name":"Hideaki Hakoshima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1295-9801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hideaki Hakoshima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, 1-2 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, 1-2 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":2.2843,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90316816,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"995","last_page":"995"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.623773992061615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qubit","display_name":"Qubit","score":0.5870537757873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.5555843114852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48291465640068054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observable","display_name":"Observable","score":0.4711930751800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4226617217063904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.422515332698822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.42226266860961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41655465960502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.41176629066467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.2617892026901245}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.623773992061615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.5870537757873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5555843114852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48291465640068054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.4711930751800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4226617217063904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.422515332698822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.42226266860961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41655465960502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.41176629066467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2617892026901245}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2023-05-04-995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-05-04-995","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2023-05-04-995/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f69abb495abb4863970159d6d222331a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f69abb495abb4863970159d6d222331a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, Vol 7, p 995 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2023-05-04-995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-05-04-995","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2023-05-04-995/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1659874728","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22J01501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G193290967","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJPR1919","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4627739467","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP-MXS0120319794","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/048rj2z13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4376123241.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539130646","https://openalex.org/W2002410835","https://openalex.org/W2021115151","https://openalex.org/W2046789550","https://openalex.org/W2103794950","https://openalex.org/W2134344701","https://openalex.org/W2161685427","https://openalex.org/W2257937122","https://openalex.org/W2558921197","https://openalex.org/W2755255888","https://openalex.org/W2760965790","https://openalex.org/W2781738013","https://openalex.org/W2790388700","https://openalex.org/W2903221501","https://openalex.org/W2903627855","https://openalex.org/W2905003072","https://openalex.org/W2954292307","https://openalex.org/W2964421692","https://openalex.org/W2969241977","https://openalex.org/W2969454111","https://openalex.org/W2969592673","https://openalex.org/W2972223037","https://openalex.org/W2980744647","https://openalex.org/W2989573127","https://openalex.org/W2998585424","https://openalex.org/W3006823398","https://openalex.org/W3011472404","https://openalex.org/W3018348740","https://openalex.org/W3037811760","https://openalex.org/W3094656610","https://openalex.org/W3100459566","https://openalex.org/W3100866030","https://openalex.org/W3100931082","https://openalex.org/W3101155683","https://openalex.org/W3102949948","https://openalex.org/W3103272234","https://openalex.org/W3103870741","https://openalex.org/W3103872322","https://openalex.org/W3104941540","https://openalex.org/W3105677655","https://openalex.org/W3109010114","https://openalex.org/W3111162498","https://openalex.org/W3124021753","https://openalex.org/W3127771992","https://openalex.org/W3128504623","https://openalex.org/W3137962867","https://openalex.org/W3176632304","https://openalex.org/W3191446915","https://openalex.org/W3215962654","https://openalex.org/W4287165452","https://openalex.org/W4308212782","https://openalex.org/W4310135775","https://openalex.org/W4313442205"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546864018","https://openalex.org/W1615520218","https://openalex.org/W2951363717","https://openalex.org/W2134613344","https://openalex.org/W2910123824","https://openalex.org/W4388704119","https://openalex.org/W4213379151","https://openalex.org/W3206120658","https://openalex.org/W2911278742","https://openalex.org/W3121338985"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Simulating":[0],"large":[1],"quantum":[2,9,12,35,43,91,134,226],"systems":[3],"is":[4,62],"the":[5,21,28,39,42,47,58,63,67,73,81,85,103,132,147,161,165,190,218],"ultimate":[6],"goal":[7,22],"of":[8,41,49,57,69,75,84,87,105,167,192,220],"computing.":[10],"Variational":[11],"simulation":[13,92],"(VQS)":[14],"gives":[15],"us":[16],"a":[17,90,94,225],"tool":[18],"to":[19,31,78,100,138,141,146,176],"achieve":[20],"in":[23,66,89,107,131,153,170,179,196,204],"near-term":[24],"devices":[25],"by":[26,80,109,163,181],"distributing":[27],"computation":[29],"load":[30],"both":[32],"classical":[33,116],"and":[34,53,118,151,172],"computers.":[36],"However,":[37],"as":[38,115],"size":[40],"system":[44],"becomes":[45,51],"large,":[46],"execution":[48],"VQS":[50,108,142,152,171,180,197],"more":[52,54],"challenging.":[55],"One":[56],"most":[59],"severe":[60],"challenges":[61],"drastic":[64],"increase":[65,79],"number":[68,74,86,104],"measurements;":[70],"for":[71],"example,":[72],"measurements":[76,106,130,178],"tends":[77],"fourth":[82],"power":[83],"qubits":[88],"with":[93,224],"chemical":[95,227],"Hamiltonian.":[96],"This":[97],"work":[98],"aims":[99],"dramatically":[101],"decrease":[102],"recently":[110],"proposed":[111],"shadow-based":[112,126,182,202],"strategies":[113,127,203],"such":[114],"shadow":[117],"derandomization.":[119],"Even":[120],"though":[121],"previous":[122],"literature":[123],"shows":[124,217],"that":[125],"successfully":[128],"optimize":[129,177],"variational":[133],"optimization":[135],"(VQO),":[136],"how":[137],"apply":[139],"them":[140],"was":[143],"unclear":[144],"due":[145],"gap":[148,162],"between":[149],"VQO":[150],"measuring":[154,168],"observables.":[155],"In":[156],"this":[157],"paper,":[158],"we":[159],"bridge":[160],"changing":[164],"way":[166],"observables":[169],"propose":[173],"an":[174],"algorithm":[175,195,223],"strategies.":[183],"Our":[184],"theoretical":[185],"analysis":[186],"not":[187],"only":[188,209],"reveals":[189],"advantage":[191,207],"using":[193,201,221],"our":[194,214,222],"but":[198],"theoretically":[199],"supports":[200],"VQO,":[205],"whose":[206],"has":[208],"been":[210],"given":[211],"numerically.":[212],"Additionally,":[213],"numerical":[215],"experiment":[216],"validity":[219],"system.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2023-05-12T00:00:00"}
