{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209973822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-11-17-861","title":"Graph neural network initialisation of quantum approximate optimisation","display_name":"Graph neural network initialisation of quantum approximate optimisation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209973822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-11-17-861","mag":"3209973822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2022-11-17-861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-11-17-861","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-11-17-861/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-11-17-861/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100639391","display_name":"Nishant Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1787-2481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nishant Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009617378","display_name":"Brian Coyle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-8458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Coyle","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9AB Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9AB Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052107957","display_name":"Elham Kashefi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6280-9604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elham Kashefi","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIP6, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France","School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9AB Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIP6, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9AB Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074527005","display_name":"Niraj Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3037-1083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niraj Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9AB Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9AB Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100639391"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":6.3478,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96941905,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"861","last_page":"861"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differentiable-function","display_name":"Differentiable function","score":0.6221468448638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6212514638900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.555591344833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5510820746421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5337940454483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.47951892018318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45426884293556213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.43094632029533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4256129264831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3721517324447632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3571684956550598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34862110018730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27371543645858765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202615002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783507","display_name":"Differentiable function","level":2,"score":0.6221468448638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6212514638900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.555591344833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5510820746421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5337940454483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.47951892018318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45426884293556213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.43094632029533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4256129264831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3721517324447632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3571684956550598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34862110018730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27371543645858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2022-11-17-861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-11-17-861","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-11-17-861/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2111.03016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2111.03016","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.03016","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03435299v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03435299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922466","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, 2022, 6, pp.861. &#x27E8;10.22331/q-2022-11-17-861&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:481e463f689b4c7e8fbb9d8282cd3276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/481e463f689b4c7e8fbb9d8282cd3276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, Vol 6, p 861 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2022-11-17-861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-11-17-861","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-11-17-861/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2503488389","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T001062/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6174183273","display_name":"EPSRC Hub in Quantum Computing and Simulation","funder_award_id":"EP/T001062/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209973822.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209973822.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":133,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6908809","https://openalex.org/W272982077","https://openalex.org/W1451881698","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1568345435","https://openalex.org/W1886773798","https://openalex.org/W1983624953","https://openalex.org/W2024514015","https://openalex.org/W2038225707","https://openalex.org/W2087038607","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2120358419","https://openalex.org/W2152266716","https://openalex.org/W2159739530","https://openalex.org/W2161685427","https://openalex.org/W2257937122","https://openalex.org/W2476096155","https://openalex.org/W2573722252","https://openalex.org/W2607264901","https://openalex.org/W2736601468","https://openalex.org/W2754868542","https://openalex.org/W2760965790","https://openalex.org/W2781738013","https://openalex.org/W2790388700","https://openalex.org/W2794444783","https://openalex.org/W2805798351","https://openalex.org/W2838090975","https://openalex.org/W2898221481","https://openalex.org/W2901859177","https://openalex.org/W2903058119","https://openalex.org/W2903221501","https://openalex.org/W2912555327","https://openalex.org/W2951846985","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2955435611","https://openalex.org/W2960556599","https://openalex.org/W2962880633","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964198013","https://openalex.org/W2965090307","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2972032089","https://openalex.org/W2972401187","https://openalex.org/W2974883009","https://openalex.org/W2975305172","https://openalex.org/W2978899725","https://openalex.org/W2978934789","https://openalex.org/W2980446414","https://openalex.org/W2980835754","https://openalex.org/W2980961571","https://openalex.org/W2982304552","https://openalex.org/W2985331920","https://openalex.org/W2990961515","https://openalex.org/W3008477378","https://openalex.org/W3010243192","https://openalex.org/W3014405689","https://openalex.org/W3015667706","https://openalex.org/W3017778677","https://openalex.org/W3026387229","https://openalex.org/W3034214690","https://openalex.org/W3047776431","https://openalex.org/W3048810361","https://openalex.org/W3084134481","https://openalex.org/W3088409280","https://openalex.org/W3090034944","https://openalex.org/W3098268180","https://openalex.org/W3098950353","https://openalex.org/W3100894865","https://openalex.org/W3100931082","https://openalex.org/W3101122608","https://openalex.org/W3103898263","https://openalex.org/W3104354927","https://openalex.org/W3104396616","https://openalex.org/W3104428150","https://openalex.org/W3105273233","https://openalex.org/W3105677655","https://openalex.org/W3105713641","https://openalex.org/W3106337388","https://openalex.org/W3106613142","https://openalex.org/W3111162498","https://openalex.org/W3111394828","https://openalex.org/W3112014248","https://openalex.org/W3119538242","https://openalex.org/W3124082267","https://openalex.org/W3129110052","https://openalex.org/W3129738277","https://openalex.org/W3132743969","https://openalex.org/W3136233239","https://openalex.org/W3136455697","https://openalex.org/W3137702287","https://openalex.org/W3137769846","https://openalex.org/W3139223064","https://openalex.org/W3145349777","https://openalex.org/W3148100789","https://openalex.org/W3152893301","https://openalex.org/W3153083735","https://openalex.org/W3156188855","https://openalex.org/W3157286395","https://openalex.org/W3165616834","https://openalex.org/W3166275705","https://openalex.org/W3167172260","https://openalex.org/W3168329607","https://openalex.org/W3172189297","https://openalex.org/W3173713405","https://openalex.org/W3178500446","https://openalex.org/W3181036294","https://openalex.org/W3188522200","https://openalex.org/W3188779072","https://openalex.org/W3189250281","https://openalex.org/W3189470799","https://openalex.org/W3196615270","https://openalex.org/W3203554004","https://openalex.org/W3204275228","https://openalex.org/W3206088030","https://openalex.org/W3206516380","https://openalex.org/W3209534835","https://openalex.org/W3215136328","https://openalex.org/W4213212652","https://openalex.org/W4221161410","https://openalex.org/W4229000948","https://openalex.org/W4280578130","https://openalex.org/W4283266036","https://openalex.org/W4287079124","https://openalex.org/W4287181535","https://openalex.org/W4288283417","https://openalex.org/W4288612503","https://openalex.org/W4289606390","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4297733535","https://openalex.org/W4300988299","https://openalex.org/W4320864080","https://openalex.org/W4394672493","https://openalex.org/W6947913663"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285277090","https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4327738859","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W972276598","https://openalex.org/W2951187577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Approximate":[0],"combinatorial":[1],"optimisation":[2,31,167,173],"has":[3],"emerged":[4],"as":[5,73],"one":[6],"of":[7,153,163],"the":[8,19,28,36,45,50,57,65,123,130,154,161,172],"most":[9],"promising":[10],"application":[11],"areas":[12],"for":[13,34,77,129],"quantum":[14,29,145],"computers,":[15],"particularly":[16],"those":[17],"in":[18,44,180],"near":[20],"term.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23],"work,":[24],"we":[25,40,67,92,125,169],"focus":[26],"on":[27],"approximate":[30],"algorithm":[32],"(QAOA)":[33],"solving":[35],"MaxCut":[37,131],"problem.":[38],"Specifically,":[39],"address":[41],"two":[42],"problems":[43,174],"QAOA,":[46,124],"how":[47,53,94,171],"to":[48,54,59,108,117,134],"initialise":[49],"algorithm,":[51],"and":[52,137,147,158,166],"subsequently":[55],"train":[56],"parameters":[58],"find":[60],"an":[61,181],"optimal":[62],"solution.":[63],"For":[64,121],"former,":[66],"propose":[68],"graph":[69,95,104,110],"neural":[70,96],"networks":[71,97],"(GNNs)":[72],"a":[74,112],"warm-starting":[75,119],"technique":[76],"QAOA.":[78],"We":[79],"demonstrate":[80,93,170],"that":[81],"merging":[82],"GNNs":[83],"with":[84],"QAOA":[85,179],"can":[86,175],"outperform":[87],"both":[88],"approaches":[89],"individually.":[90],"Furthermore,":[91],"enables":[98],"warm-start":[99],"generalisation":[100],"across":[101],"not":[102,114],"only":[103],"instances,":[105],"but":[106],"also":[107],"increasing":[109],"sizes,":[111],"feature":[113],"straightforwardly":[115],"available":[116],"other":[118],"methods.":[120],"training":[122],"test":[126],"several":[127],"optimisers":[128],"problem":[132],"up":[133],"16":[135],"qubits":[136],"benchmark":[138],"against":[139],"vanilla":[140],"gradient":[141],"descent.":[142],"These":[143],"include":[144,156],"aware/agnostic":[146],"machine":[148],"learning":[149],"based/neural":[150],"optimisers.":[151],"Examples":[152],"latter":[155],"reinforcement":[157],"meta-learning.":[159],"With":[160],"incorporation":[162],"these":[164],"initialisation":[165],"toolkits,":[168],"be":[176],"solved":[177],"using":[178],"end-to-end":[182],"differentiable":[183],"pipeline.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
