{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4304975430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-10-06-826","title":"An experiment to test the discreteness of time","display_name":"An experiment to test the discreteness of time","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4304975430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-10-06-826"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2022-10-06-826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-10-06-826","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-10-06-826/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-10-06-826/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049571626","display_name":"Marios Christodoulou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6818-2478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138211613","display_name":"Austrian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03anc3s24","country_code":"AT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138211613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132079568","display_name":"Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/056hzt889","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138211613","https://openalex.org/I3132079568"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100980","display_name":"Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/014cpn338","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422","https://openalex.org/I138211613","https://openalex.org/I145847075","https://openalex.org/I4210100980"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marios Christodoulou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI) Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria","Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI) Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132079568","https://openalex.org/I138211613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100980","https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085459274","display_name":"Andrea Di Biagio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9646-8457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138211613","display_name":"Austrian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03anc3s24","country_code":"AT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138211613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143002897","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulon","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9kbe37","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143002897"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132079568","display_name":"Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/056hzt889","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138211613","https://openalex.org/I3132079568"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["AT","FR","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Di Biagio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aix-Marseille Univ, Universit\u00e9 de Toulon, CNRS, CPT, Marseille, France","Dipartimento di Fisica, La Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy","Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI) Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aix-Marseille Univ, Universit\u00e9 de Toulon, CNRS, CPT, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143002897","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica, La Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI) Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132079568","https://openalex.org/I138211613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001718784","display_name":"Pierre Martin-Dussaud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9213-8036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143002897","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulon","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9kbe37","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143002897"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Martin-Dussaud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aix-Marseille Univ, Universit\u00e9 de Toulon, CNRS, CPT, Marseille, France","Basic Research Community for Physics e.V., Mariannenstra\u00dfe 89, Leipzig, Germany","Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aix-Marseille Univ, Universit\u00e9 de Toulon, CNRS, CPT, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143002897","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Basic Research Community for Physics e.V., Mariannenstra\u00dfe 89, Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":0.6115,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66935876,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"826","last_page":"826"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12220","display_name":"Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4601894021034241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planck","display_name":"Planck","score":0.42261379957199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4171801209449768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4043039381504059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3983767330646515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32752272486686707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2861979007720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.06300970911979675}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4601894021034241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166126730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725309","display_name":"Planck","level":2,"score":0.42261379957199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4171801209449768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4043039381504059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3983767330646515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32752272486686707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2861979007720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.06300970911979675}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2022-10-06-826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-10-06-826","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-10-06-826/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02911939v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-02911939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, 2022, 6, pp.826. &#x27E8;10.22331/q-2022-10-06-826&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3462ab0842ff46adb5a2d6e878b43340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3462ab0842ff46adb5a2d6e878b43340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, Vol 6, p 826 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1663519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1663519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2022-10-06-826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-10-06-826","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-10-06-826/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7799344468","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ID# 61466","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306193","funder_display_name":"John Templeton Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8816911644","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61466","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306193","funder_display_name":"John Templeton Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306193","display_name":"John Templeton Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/035tnyy05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4304975430.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4304975430.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76565128","https://openalex.org/W1540440128","https://openalex.org/W1790859230","https://openalex.org/W1893470019","https://openalex.org/W1931954910","https://openalex.org/W1946254603","https://openalex.org/W1964387310","https://openalex.org/W1973251434","https://openalex.org/W1986842102","https://openalex.org/W1988596741","https://openalex.org/W1992622896","https://openalex.org/W1995726483","https://openalex.org/W2006239213","https://openalex.org/W2020913145","https://openalex.org/W2026074031","https://openalex.org/W2030765885","https://openalex.org/W2053711071","https://openalex.org/W2061032025","https://openalex.org/W2063658535","https://openalex.org/W2068029404","https://openalex.org/W2084612923","https://openalex.org/W2096289407","https://openalex.org/W2104041846","https://openalex.org/W2133197202","https://openalex.org/W2140537813","https://openalex.org/W2155564543","https://openalex.org/W2167002495","https://openalex.org/W2170552223","https://openalex.org/W2739025392","https://openalex.org/W2769495367","https://openalex.org/W2770876220","https://openalex.org/W2774772579","https://openalex.org/W2807789998","https://openalex.org/W2949642423","https://openalex.org/W2949767275","https://openalex.org/W2954914737","https://openalex.org/W2994178180","https://openalex.org/W3030033817","https://openalex.org/W3034797996","https://openalex.org/W3036250680","https://openalex.org/W3038466711","https://openalex.org/W3041356121","https://openalex.org/W3103632127","https://openalex.org/W3103864484","https://openalex.org/W3130148378","https://openalex.org/W3132148530","https://openalex.org/W4255160986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3024132849","https://openalex.org/W4387892119","https://openalex.org/W3122579232","https://openalex.org/W3100525562","https://openalex.org/W3098899650","https://openalex.org/W2270473885","https://openalex.org/W3120236960","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W3121394119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time":[0],"at":[1,55],"the":[2,51,56],"Planck":[3,35,57],"scale":[4,58],"(":[5],"<mml:math":[6],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">":[7],"<mml:mo>&amp;#x223C;</mml:mo>":[8],"<mml:msup>":[9],"<mml:mn>10</mml:mn>":[10],"<mml:mrow":[11,17],"class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">":[12,18],"<mml:mo>&amp;#x2212;</mml:mo>":[13],"<mml:mn>44</mml:mn>":[14],"</mml:mrow>":[15,21],"</mml:msup>":[16],"<mml:mi":[19],"mathvariant=\"normal\">s</mml:mi>":[20],"</mml:math>":[22],")":[23],"is":[24,30,63],"an":[25,41,47],"unexplored":[26],"physical":[27],"regime.":[28],"It":[29],"widely":[31],"believed":[32],"that":[33,61],"probing":[34],"time":[36,54],"will":[37],"remain":[38],"for":[39],"long":[40],"impossible":[42],"task.":[43],"Yet,":[44],"we":[45],"propose":[46],"experiment":[48],"to":[49],"test":[50],"discreteness":[52],"of":[53],"and":[59],"estimate":[60],"it":[62],"not":[64],"far":[65],"removed":[66],"from":[67],"current":[68],"technological":[69],"capabilities.":[70]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
