{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297999442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-09-29-820","title":"Quantum information with top quarks in QCD","display_name":"Quantum information with top quarks in QCD","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297999442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-09-29-820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2022-09-29-820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-09-29-820","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-09-29-820/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-09-29-820/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105825000","display_name":"Y. Afik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8102-356X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","display_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01ggx4157","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoav Afik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Experimental Physics Department, CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8102-356X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Experimental Physics Department, CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014756571","display_name":"Juan Ram\u00f3n Mu\u00f1oz de Nova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6229-9640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121748325","display_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/02p0gd045","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Ram\u00f3n Mu\u00f1oz de Nova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de F\u00edsica de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6229-9640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":12.4635,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":113,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9989044,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"820","last_page":"820"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-physics","display_name":"Particle physics","score":0.7254513502120972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quark","display_name":"Quark","score":0.6389657258987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-chromodynamics","display_name":"Quantum chromodynamics","score":0.5886228680610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.48294228315353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.41149190068244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.12451061606407166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.7254513502120972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7602139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6718","display_name":"Quark","level":2,"score":0.6389657258987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117137515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q238170","display_name":"Quantum chromodynamics","level":2,"score":0.5886228680610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.48294228315353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.41149190068244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.12451061606407166}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2022-09-29-820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-09-29-820","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-09-29-820/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:2803747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/2803747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402194","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:407a73df22fd4869842d066f5ab1f5f8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/407a73df22fd4869842d066f5ab1f5f8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, Vol 6, p 820 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2022-09-29-820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-09-29-820","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-09-29-820/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1016824299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"847635","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842005466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297999442.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297999442.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490521149","https://openalex.org/W1525067064","https://openalex.org/W1571385165","https://openalex.org/W1620538313","https://openalex.org/W1623920228","https://openalex.org/W1630293642","https://openalex.org/W1709784975","https://openalex.org/W1813698688","https://openalex.org/W1831419576","https://openalex.org/W1963952399","https://openalex.org/W1978553093","https://openalex.org/W1986407511","https://openalex.org/W1991944449","https://openalex.org/W1999664967","https://openalex.org/W2003574434","https://openalex.org/W2006638080","https://openalex.org/W2011208902","https://openalex.org/W2014962240","https://openalex.org/W2017697240","https://openalex.org/W2024678138","https://openalex.org/W2026031704","https://openalex.org/W2026358914","https://openalex.org/W2028815089","https://openalex.org/W2033672731","https://openalex.org/W2034920898","https://openalex.org/W2035993353","https://openalex.org/W2040388107","https://openalex.org/W2040794877","https://openalex.org/W2052249899","https://openalex.org/W2054112569","https://openalex.org/W2097042512","https://openalex.org/W2097916294","https://openalex.org/W2101392376","https://openalex.org/W2103713333","https://openalex.org/W2105643181","https://openalex.org/W2105738882","https://openalex.org/W2121883054","https://openalex.org/W2130219160","https://openalex.org/W2130593347","https://openalex.org/W2135830616","https://openalex.org/W2145295536","https://openalex.org/W2148539882","https://openalex.org/W2150327354","https://openalex.org/W2156500023","https://openalex.org/W2166050622","https://openalex.org/W2169861377","https://openalex.org/W2171841680","https://openalex.org/W2174298480","https://openalex.org/W2194121477","https://openalex.org/W2229695182","https://openalex.org/W2509282288","https://openalex.org/W2591027959","https://openalex.org/W2598196868","https://openalex.org/W2600512571","https://openalex.org/W2726530118","https://openalex.org/W2764035156","https://openalex.org/W2803815386","https://openalex.org/W2900901910","https://openalex.org/W2927899951","https://openalex.org/W2940607538","https://openalex.org/W2951179112","https://openalex.org/W2954048257","https://openalex.org/W2962762178","https://openalex.org/W2962966855","https://openalex.org/W3000344449","https://openalex.org/W3014941292","https://openalex.org/W3038067977","https://openalex.org/W3048946700","https://openalex.org/W3098367563","https://openalex.org/W3099061352","https://openalex.org/W3101955831","https://openalex.org/W3105866459","https://openalex.org/W3124695330","https://openalex.org/W3147466420","https://openalex.org/W3197208917","https://openalex.org/W3200934665","https://openalex.org/W3205984733","https://openalex.org/W3206990528","https://openalex.org/W3207225571","https://openalex.org/W3211791277","https://openalex.org/W4205973793","https://openalex.org/W4225401932","https://openalex.org/W4241029060","https://openalex.org/W4280603983","https://openalex.org/W4289981527","https://openalex.org/W4294771419","https://openalex.org/W6836031375"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2935759653","https://openalex.org/W3105167352","https://openalex.org/W54078636","https://openalex.org/W2954470139","https://openalex.org/W1501425562","https://openalex.org/W2902782467","https://openalex.org/W1990724063","https://openalex.org/W2226389511","https://openalex.org/W2029406738"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Top":[0],"quarks":[1],"represent":[2],"unique":[3],"high-energy":[4,25,53],"systems":[5],"since":[6],"their":[7],"spin":[8,78],"correlations":[9],"can":[10,65],"be":[11,66],"measured,":[12],"thus":[13],"allowing":[14],"to":[15,85,233],"study":[16],"fundamental":[17],"aspects":[18],"of":[19,33,37,75,94,111,119,129,140,152,167,174,196,204,209,217,259,261,268],"quantum":[20,35,48,62,92,169,219,236],"mechanics":[21],"with":[22,171],"qubits":[23],"at":[24,158],"colliders.":[26],"We":[27,55,89,122,145,177,213],"present":[28],"here":[29],"the":[30,34,60,76,91,103,109,148,159,162,165,168,172,175,187,194,202,207,215,218,223,231],"general":[31,235],"framework":[32],"state":[36,63,93,170],"a":[38,52,69,86,95,130,137,197,210,247,252,256,266],"top-antitop":[39],"(<mml:math":[40],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mrow":[41,97,132,225],"class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mml:mover><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mo":[42,98,133,226],"stretchy=\"false\">&amp;#x00AF;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:math>)":[43],"quark":[44],"pair":[45,100,135,228],"produced":[46,101],"through":[47],"chromodynamics":[49],"(QCD)":[50],"in":[51,58,68,73,116,201,230,251],"collider.":[54],"argue":[56,245],"that,":[57],"general,":[59],"total":[61],"that":[64,124,246],"probed":[67],"collider":[70,253],"is":[71,136,254],"given":[72,192],"terms":[74],"production":[77,128,241],"density":[79],"matrix,":[80],"which":[81,200],"necessarily":[82,264],"gives":[83],"rise":[84],"mixed":[87],"state.":[88],"compute":[90],"<mml:math":[96,131,224],"stretchy=\"false\">&amp;#x00AF;</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:math>":[99,134,227],"from":[102],"most":[104],"elementary":[105,142],"QCD":[106,143],"processes,":[107],"finding":[108],"presence":[110],"entanglement":[112,182,205],"and":[113,154,161,183,238],"CHSH":[114,248],"violation":[115,208,249,260],"different":[117],"regions":[118],"phase":[120],"space.":[121],"show":[123],"any":[125,240],"realistic":[126],"hadronic":[127],"statistical":[138],"mixture":[139],"these":[141,189],"processes.":[144],"focus":[146],"on":[147],"experimentally":[149],"relevant":[150],"cases":[151],"proton-proton":[153],"proton-antiproton":[155],"collisions,":[156],"performed":[157],"LHC":[160],"Tevatron,":[163],"analyzing":[164],"dependence":[166],"energy":[173],"collisions.":[176],"provide":[178],"experimental":[179],"observables":[180],"for":[181,222,239],"CHSH-violation":[184],"signatures.":[185],"At":[186],"LHC,":[188],"signatures":[190],"are":[191],"by":[193],"measurement":[195],"single":[198],"observable,":[199],"case":[203],"represents":[206],"Cauchy-Schwarz":[211],"inequality.":[212],"extend":[214],"validity":[216],"tomography":[220],"protocol":[221],"proposed":[229],"literature":[232],"more":[234],"states,":[237],"mechanism.":[242],"Finally,":[243],"we":[244],"measured":[250],"only":[255],"weak":[257],"form":[258],"Bell's":[262],"theorem,":[263],"containing":[265],"number":[267],"loopholes.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-20T22:02:38.213706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}