{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224020296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-04-13-685","title":"Entropy production and fluctuation theorems in a continuously monitored optical cavity at zero temperature","display_name":"Entropy production and fluctuation theorems in a continuously monitored optical cavity at zero temperature","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224020296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-04-13-685"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2022-04-13-685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-04-13-685","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-04-13-685/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-04-13-685/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040504758","display_name":"Michael J. Kewming","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0242-120X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Kewming","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053296144","display_name":"Sally Shrapnel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8407-7176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129739","display_name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/03rtykw43","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I165143802","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210129739","https://openalex.org/I4210132349"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sally Shrapnel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, QLD 4072 Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, QLD 4072 Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129739","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":1.7533,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84404756,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"685","last_page":"685"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11449","display_name":"Mechanical and Optical Resonators","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.470504492521286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse","display_name":"Inverse","score":0.4522668421268463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4450317919254303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.3558083176612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.29766392707824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2842479944229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.0832068920135498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.470504492521286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.4522668421268463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4450317919254303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.3558083176612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.29766392707824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2842479944229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0832068920135498}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2022-04-13-685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-04-13-685","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-04-13-685/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2109.01998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2109.01998","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.01998","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:001b98383c3c4a7487daf7edb1f10666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/001b98383c3c4a7487daf7edb1f10666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, Vol 6, p 685 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2022-04-13-685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-04-13-685","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-04-13-685/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3631527538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CE170100009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5941336517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FQXi-IAF19-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311357","funder_display_name":"Foundational Questions Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311357","display_name":"Foundational Questions Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/016en1t86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224020296.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224020296.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W230980609","https://openalex.org/W1530682388","https://openalex.org/W1581324086","https://openalex.org/W1727392712","https://openalex.org/W1965058675","https://openalex.org/W1967378500","https://openalex.org/W2001903741","https://openalex.org/W2019353374","https://openalex.org/W2021820673","https://openalex.org/W2064350991","https://openalex.org/W2078695144","https://openalex.org/W2086845400","https://openalex.org/W2092268081","https://openalex.org/W2094810855","https://openalex.org/W2096263307","https://openalex.org/W2102277728","https://openalex.org/W2107988867","https://openalex.org/W2112771737","https://openalex.org/W2115850820","https://openalex.org/W2149801992","https://openalex.org/W2171462472","https://openalex.org/W2184653456","https://openalex.org/W2212865163","https://openalex.org/W2425920483","https://openalex.org/W2510382033","https://openalex.org/W2595058657","https://openalex.org/W2611624674","https://openalex.org/W2616566907","https://openalex.org/W2616838751","https://openalex.org/W2621272659","https://openalex.org/W2784534218","https://openalex.org/W2788113938","https://openalex.org/W2809934908","https://openalex.org/W2884598223","https://openalex.org/W2894454477","https://openalex.org/W2912687840","https://openalex.org/W2937860530","https://openalex.org/W2942041778","https://openalex.org/W2976440333","https://openalex.org/W2982327752","https://openalex.org/W2983212649","https://openalex.org/W2989561873","https://openalex.org/W2994736278","https://openalex.org/W2995867252","https://openalex.org/W3003407798","https://openalex.org/W3010659624","https://openalex.org/W3035515917","https://openalex.org/W3037464230","https://openalex.org/W3040456974","https://openalex.org/W3046015118","https://openalex.org/W3085399439","https://openalex.org/W3088522034","https://openalex.org/W3096218509","https://openalex.org/W3098165131","https://openalex.org/W3098665808","https://openalex.org/W3099412929","https://openalex.org/W3100139782","https://openalex.org/W3100384911","https://openalex.org/W3102484336","https://openalex.org/W3102682869","https://openalex.org/W3103708343","https://openalex.org/W3104672065","https://openalex.org/W3107476510","https://openalex.org/W3108273020","https://openalex.org/W3113125186","https://openalex.org/W3120970622","https://openalex.org/W3158673489","https://openalex.org/W3180261322","https://openalex.org/W4291186430"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W2187401768","https://openalex.org/W2181413294","https://openalex.org/W2989452537","https://openalex.org/W2052122378","https://openalex.org/W2544423928","https://openalex.org/W2062023542"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fluctuation":[0],"theorems":[1],"allow":[2],"one":[3,56],"to":[4,31,96,115,170,177],"make":[5],"generalised":[6],"statements":[7],"about":[8,173],"the":[9,33,58,67,76,88,92,116,122,125,129,133,142,145,174],"behaviour":[10],"of":[11,36,61,124,128,141,144,164],"thermodynamic":[12],"quantities":[13],"in":[14,91],"systems":[15],"that":[16,75,121,158,167],"are":[17],"driven":[18,181],"far":[19,182],"from":[20,183],"thermal":[21],"equilibrium.":[22,184],"In":[23],"this":[24,113],"article":[25],"we":[26],"use":[27],"Crooks'":[28],"fluctuation":[29],"theorem":[30],"understand":[32],"entropy":[34,68,77,89,134,165],"production":[35,69,78,135,166],"a":[37,161,178],"continuously":[38],"measured,":[39],"zero":[40,53,84],"temperature":[41,63,85,100,148],"quantum":[42,179],"system;":[43],"namely":[44],"an":[45,97],"optical":[46],"cavity":[47],"measured":[48],"via":[49],"homodyne":[50],"detection.":[51],"At":[52],"temperature,":[54],"if":[55],"uses":[57],"classical":[59],"definition":[60],"inverse":[62,99,147],"<mml:math":[64,101,149],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mi>&amp;#x03B2;</mml:mi></mml:math>,":[65],"then":[66],"becomes":[70],"divergent.":[71],"Our":[72],"analysis":[73],"shows":[74],"can":[79],"be":[80],"well":[81],"defined":[82],"at":[83],"by":[86,139],"considering":[87],"produced":[90],"measurement":[93],"record":[94],"leading":[95],"effective":[98,146],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:msub><mml:mi>&amp;#x03B2;</mml:mi><mml:mrow":[102,150],"class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mml:mi":[103,151],"mathvariant=\"normal\">e</mml:mi><mml:mi":[104,152],"mathvariant=\"normal\">f</mml:mi><mml:mi":[105,153],"mathvariant=\"normal\">f</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>":[106],"which":[107],"does":[108],"not":[109],"diverge.":[110],"We":[111],"link":[112],"result":[114],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[117],"inequality":[118,156],"and":[119],"show":[120],"product":[123],"Fisher":[126],"information":[127,172],"work":[130,175],"distribution":[131],"with":[132],"is":[136,160,168],"bounded":[137],"below":[138],"half":[140],"square":[143],"mathvariant=\"normal\">f</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>.":[154],"This":[155],"indicates":[157],"there":[159],"minimal":[162],"amount":[163],"paid":[169],"acquire":[171],"done":[176],"system":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-20T22:02:38.213706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
