{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2960357851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-12-02-596","title":"A diagrammatic approach to variational quantum ansatz construction","display_name":"A diagrammatic approach to variational quantum ansatz construction","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2960357851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-12-02-596","mag":"2960357851"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2021-12-02-596","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-12-02-596","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2021-12-02-596/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2021-12-02-596/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024530812","display_name":"Yaroslav Herasymenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0640-7429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Y. Herasymenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands","Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P. O. Box 9506  2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P. O. Box 9506  2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010871812","display_name":"Thomas E. O\u2019Brien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8406-6626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T.E. O'Brien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands","Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P. O. Box 9506  2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P. O. Box 9506  2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024530812"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":0.5599,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71602711,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"596","last_page":"596"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ansatz","display_name":"Ansatz","score":0.871482253074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert-space","display_name":"Hilbert space","score":0.5683572888374329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.5436616539955139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ising-model","display_name":"Ising model","score":0.4547717571258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45125943422317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.44685015082359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.4453507363796234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-state","display_name":"Ground state","score":0.44252029061317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-simulator","display_name":"Quantum simulator","score":0.4164009988307953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3325904309749603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.316627562046051}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130979935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568954","display_name":"Ansatz","level":2,"score":0.871482253074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62799726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190056","display_name":"Hilbert space","level":2,"score":0.5683572888374329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5436616539955139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51329190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076349","display_name":"Ising model","level":2,"score":0.4547717571258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45125943422317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.44685015082359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.4453507363796234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69523127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4480008","display_name":"Ground state","level":2,"score":0.44252029061317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161166931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269096","display_name":"Quantum simulator","level":4,"score":0.4164009988307953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3325904309749603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.316627562046051}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2021-12-02-596","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-12-02-596","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2021-12-02-596/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1907.08157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.08157","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.08157","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2960357851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.08157.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:409ee4310ddb466688e234218ee5069a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/409ee4310ddb466688e234218ee5069a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, Vol 5, p 596 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1907.08157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.08157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2021-12-02-596","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-12-02-596","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2021-12-02-596/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4499217744","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NWO/OCW","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5365867299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307816","display_name":"Shell","ror":"https://ror.org/00b5m4j81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2960357851.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2960357851.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1839785972","https://openalex.org/W1997126380","https://openalex.org/W2015711858","https://openalex.org/W2023734578","https://openalex.org/W2077261815","https://openalex.org/W2103373613","https://openalex.org/W2156140340","https://openalex.org/W2161685427","https://openalex.org/W2254754114","https://openalex.org/W2257937122","https://openalex.org/W2755255888","https://openalex.org/W2781738013","https://openalex.org/W2794444783","https://openalex.org/W2803208764","https://openalex.org/W2810721533","https://openalex.org/W2924355162","https://openalex.org/W2942327165","https://openalex.org/W2945632438","https://openalex.org/W2963239445","https://openalex.org/W2965705540","https://openalex.org/W2966171903","https://openalex.org/W3097594544","https://openalex.org/W3100148174","https://openalex.org/W3100594946","https://openalex.org/W3102952863","https://openalex.org/W6631188861","https://openalex.org/W6678261470"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2257937122","https://openalex.org/W3103810096","https://openalex.org/W2963239445","https://openalex.org/W2161685427","https://openalex.org/W2980075761","https://openalex.org/W3105532889","https://openalex.org/W2972223037","https://openalex.org/W2810721533","https://openalex.org/W2803208764","https://openalex.org/W2781738013","https://openalex.org/W2755255888","https://openalex.org/W1504770578","https://openalex.org/W3037989959","https://openalex.org/W3047180424","https://openalex.org/W3187303987","https://openalex.org/W3104963420","https://openalex.org/W3163792723","https://openalex.org/W2798201525","https://openalex.org/W2138441913","https://openalex.org/W3103720553"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Variational":[0],"quantum":[1,9,18,48,60],"eigensolvers":[2],"(VQEs)":[3],"are":[4,50],"a":[5,86,107,152,163,168,183],"promising":[6],"class":[7],"of":[8,109,122,140,154,175,201],"algorithms":[10],"for":[11,89,151],"preparing":[12],"approximate":[13],"ground":[14,46,192],"states":[15],"in":[16,23,55,194],"near-term":[17],"devices.":[19],"Minimizing":[20],"the":[21,35,45,56,63,79,90,114,119,141,173,191,195,198,202],"error":[22],"such":[24,39],"an":[25,132],"approximation":[26],"requires":[27],"designing":[28,106],"ansatzes":[29,65,111,150],"using":[30,146],"physical":[31],"considerations":[32],"that":[33,44,112,171],"target":[34,142],"studied":[36],"system.":[37],"One":[38],"consideration":[40],"is":[41,95],"size-extensivity,":[42],"meaning":[43],"state":[47,193],"correlations":[49],"to":[51,78,190],"be":[52],"compactly":[53],"represented":[54],"ansatz.":[57],"On":[58],"digital":[59,91,110,134],"computers,":[61],"however,":[62],"size-extensive":[64,96],"usually":[66],"require":[67],"expansion":[68],"via":[69],"Trotter-Suzuki":[70],"methods.":[71],"These":[72],"introduce":[73],"additional":[74],"costs":[75],"and":[76,166,197],"errors":[77],"approximation.":[80],"In":[81],"this":[82],"work,":[83],"we":[84],"present":[85],"diagrammatic":[87,169],"scheme":[88],"VQE":[92],"ansatzes,":[93],"which":[94],"but":[97,157],"does":[98],"not":[99],"rely":[100],"on":[101,182],"Trotterization.":[102],"We":[103,125,161,178],"start":[104],"by":[105,136,145],"family":[108],"explore":[113],"entire":[115],"Hilbert":[116],"space":[117],"with":[118],"minimum":[120],"number":[121],"free":[123],"parameters.":[124],"then":[126],"demonstrate":[127],"how":[128],"one":[129],"may":[130],"compress":[131],"arbitrary":[133],"ansatz,":[135],"enforcing":[137],"symmetry":[138],"constraints":[139],"system,":[143],"or":[144],"them":[147],"as":[148],"parent":[149],"hierarchy":[153],"increasingly":[155,158],"long":[156],"accurate":[159],"sub-ansatzes.":[160],"apply":[162],"perturbative":[164],"analysis":[165],"develop":[167],"formalism":[170],"ensures":[172],"size-extensivity":[174],"generated":[176],"hierarchies.":[177],"test":[179],"our":[180],"methods":[181],"short":[184],"spin":[185],"chain,":[186],"finding":[187],"good":[188],"convergence":[189],"paramagnetic":[196],"ferromagnetic":[199],"phase":[200],"transverse-field":[203],"Ising":[204],"model.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}