{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035010417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-03-29-423","title":"Distinguishing noisy boson sampling from classical simulations","display_name":"Distinguishing noisy boson sampling from classical simulations","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035010417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-03-29-423","mag":"3035010417"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2021-03-29-423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-03-29-423","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2021-03-29-423/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2021-03-29-423/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023423317","display_name":"V. S. Shchesnovich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6294-4993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71715416","display_name":"Universidade Federal do ABC","ror":"https://ror.org/028kg9j04","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71715416"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Valery Shchesnovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Ci\u00eancias Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andr\u00e9, SP, 09210-170 Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andr\u00e9, SP, 09210-170 Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71715416"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023423317"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71715416"],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":1.3996,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84379218,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"423","last_page":"423"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boson","display_name":"Boson","score":0.8757978081703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.6489155888557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.6438442468643188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5742635130882263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5668588876724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.5119599103927612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-noise","display_name":"Quantum noise","score":0.41975921392440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.3803601562976837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.21133717894554138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.07321575284004211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0731532871723175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79118098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43101","display_name":"Boson","level":2,"score":0.8757978081703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.6489155888557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.6438442468643188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5742635130882263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5668588876724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.5119599103927612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111996192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269075","display_name":"Quantum noise","level":3,"score":0.41975921392440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3803601562976837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21133717894554138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07321575284004211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0731532871723175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2021-03-29-423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-03-29-423","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2021-03-29-423/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1905.11458","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.11458","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.11458","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e58e8ee809a348c9aa8e84a14476c38f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e58e8ee809a348c9aa8e84a14476c38f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, Vol 5, p 423 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2021-03-29-423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-03-29-423","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2021-03-29-423/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6066010291","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018/24664-9","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035010417.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035010417.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":104,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W203291046","https://openalex.org/W1560859509","https://openalex.org/W1596617327","https://openalex.org/W1643216551","https://openalex.org/W1754136245","https://openalex.org/W1928647796","https://openalex.org/W1975486689","https://openalex.org/W1978139850","https://openalex.org/W1985376214","https://openalex.org/W1991602497","https://openalex.org/W1993797543","https://openalex.org/W1993943278","https://openalex.org/W2006912660","https://openalex.org/W2009630586","https://openalex.org/W2026106782","https://openalex.org/W2026549070","https://openalex.org/W2028558275","https://openalex.org/W2033772683","https://openalex.org/W2052612308","https://openalex.org/W2052783597","https://openalex.org/W2057986390","https://openalex.org/W2062584998","https://openalex.org/W2070606743","https://openalex.org/W2084371989","https://openalex.org/W2097396519","https://openalex.org/W2100827447","https://openalex.org/W2116224937","https://openalex.org/W2125571786","https://openalex.org/W2132639490","https://openalex.org/W2161611531","https://openalex.org/W2162445884","https://openalex.org/W2168676717","https://openalex.org/W2179731956","https://openalex.org/W2187078380","https://openalex.org/W2193146843","https://openalex.org/W2203067809","https://openalex.org/W2222274299","https://openalex.org/W2232680991","https://openalex.org/W2261253353","https://openalex.org/W2274572291","https://openalex.org/W2291145342","https://openalex.org/W2301373822","https://openalex.org/W2339134075","https://openalex.org/W2468974260","https://openalex.org/W2469435463","https://openalex.org/W2482126025","https://openalex.org/W2517871044","https://openalex.org/W2518970951","https://openalex.org/W2528010580","https://openalex.org/W2531686640","https://openalex.org/W2579702276","https://openalex.org/W2586620900","https://openalex.org/W2591046212","https://openalex.org/W2611519773","https://openalex.org/W2611687835","https://openalex.org/W2611715903","https://openalex.org/W2734788639","https://openalex.org/W2749114779","https://openalex.org/W2778617589","https://openalex.org/W2780640308","https://openalex.org/W2781738013","https://openalex.org/W2782551290","https://openalex.org/W2784692586","https://openalex.org/W2792651727","https://openalex.org/W2803394580","https://openalex.org/W2806751513","https://openalex.org/W2896439086","https://openalex.org/W2913612281","https://openalex.org/W2914659449","https://openalex.org/W2926733594","https://openalex.org/W2935099246","https://openalex.org/W2949520700","https://openalex.org/W2953762698","https://openalex.org/W2962954933","https://openalex.org/W2962959359","https://openalex.org/W2963418227","https://openalex.org/W2963875314","https://openalex.org/W2964263305","https://openalex.org/W2981795808","https://openalex.org/W2982169647","https://openalex.org/W3017293046","https://openalex.org/W3028734462","https://openalex.org/W3098489310","https://openalex.org/W3100111077","https://openalex.org/W3100931082","https://openalex.org/W3101479050","https://openalex.org/W3101633428","https://openalex.org/W3102177031","https://openalex.org/W3102194555","https://openalex.org/W3102897964","https://openalex.org/W3103325016","https://openalex.org/W3103941119","https://openalex.org/W3103990813","https://openalex.org/W3104020213","https://openalex.org/W3104131304","https://openalex.org/W3105877772","https://openalex.org/W3106193592","https://openalex.org/W3107299644","https://openalex.org/W3142230051","https://openalex.org/W3168269833","https://openalex.org/W4213343067","https://openalex.org/W4254016710","https://openalex.org/W4293862057","https://openalex.org/W4300302225"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2553443443","https://openalex.org/W2007593039","https://openalex.org/W2016663741","https://openalex.org/W2068358989","https://openalex.org/W1979923445","https://openalex.org/W2025531435","https://openalex.org/W1979230844","https://openalex.org/W1966984514","https://openalex.org/W2129613273","https://openalex.org/W2009121572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Giving":[0],"a":[1,13,26,79],"convincing":[2],"experimental":[3],"evidence":[4],"of":[5,36,51,77,100,121,126,129,134,137,145,151,165],"the":[6,21,34,49,74,84,94,106,116,124,146,158],"quantum":[7,89,107],"supremacy":[8],"over":[9],"classical":[10,40,96,109],"simulations":[11,68],"is":[12,17,30,61,112,142],"challenging":[14],"goal.":[15],"Noise":[16],"considered":[18],"to":[19,32,45,103,132],"be":[20],"main":[22],"problem":[23],"in":[24,149,156],"such":[25,78],"demonstration,":[27],"hence":[28],"it":[29,60],"urgent":[31],"understand":[33],"effect":[35],"noise.":[37,56],"Recently":[38],"found":[39],"algorithms":[41],"can":[42,71],"efficiently":[43,72],"approximate,":[44],"any":[46],"small":[47],"error,":[48],"output":[50,75,110],"boson":[52,81],"sampling":[53,82],"with":[54],"finite-amplitude":[55],"In":[57],"this":[58],"work":[59],"shown":[62],"analytically":[63],"and":[64,108],"confirmed":[65],"by":[66,115],"numerical":[67],"that":[69],"one":[70],"distinguish":[73],"distribution":[76],"noisy":[80],"from":[83],"approximations":[85],"accounting":[86],"for":[87],"low-order":[88],"multiboson":[90],"interferences,":[91],"what":[92],"includes":[93],"mentioned":[95],"algorithms.":[97],"The":[98],"number":[99,128,133],"samples":[101],"required":[102],"tell":[104],"apart":[105],"distributions":[111],"strongly":[113],"affected":[114],"previously":[117],"unexplored":[118],"parameter:":[119],"density":[120,164],"bosons,":[122],"i.e.,":[123],"ratio":[125],"total":[127],"interfering":[130],"bosons":[131],"input":[135],"ports":[136],"interferometer.":[138],"Such":[139],"critical":[140],"dependence":[141],"strikingly":[143],"reminiscent":[144],"quantum-to-classical":[147],"transition":[148],"systems":[150],"identical":[152],"particles,":[153],"which":[154],"sets":[155],"when":[157],"system":[159],"size":[160],"scales":[161],"up":[162],"while":[163],"particles":[166],"vanishes.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}