{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3120866053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-01-11-379","title":"Experiment-friendly formulation of quantum backflow","display_name":"Experiment-friendly formulation of quantum backflow","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3120866053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-01-11-379","mag":"3120866053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2021-01-11-379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-01-11-379","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2021-01-11-379/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2021-01-11-379/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025974860","display_name":"Marek Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1850-4499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["PL","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marek Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Poland","School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033026611","display_name":"Chee Yuan Woo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chee Yuan Woo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069425916","display_name":"Rainer Dumke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4752-0903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115455960","display_name":"Centre for Quantum Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/01mgdzc49","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115455960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rainer Dumke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore","School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115455960","https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052431003","display_name":"Tomasz Paterek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8490-3156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40413290","display_name":"University of Gda\u0144sk","ror":"https://ror.org/011dv8m48","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114908","display_name":"UMI MajuLab","ror":"https://ror.org/027jrtw17","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I172675005","https://openalex.org/I201841394","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210114908"]}],"countries":["FR","PL","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomasz Paterek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gda\u0144sk, Poland","MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Universite Cote d'Azur, Sorbonne Universite, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gda\u0144sk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Universite Cote d'Azur, Sorbonne Universite, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005","https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210114908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":1.7957,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8469163,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"379","last_page":"379"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10425","display_name":"Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10425","display_name":"Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backflow","display_name":"Backflow","score":0.9822878837585449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/momentum","display_name":"Momentum (technical analysis)","score":0.6454626321792603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.6086042523384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.6063138246536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.4587457776069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics","display_name":"Classical mechanics","score":0.43963316082954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","score":0.42503905296325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.32864177227020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09576308727264404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120168410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4839622","display_name":"Backflow","level":3,"score":0.9822878837585449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60718061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414747","display_name":"Momentum (technical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6454626321792603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.6086042523384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6063138246536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4587457776069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.43963316082954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.42503905296325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.32864177227020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09576308727264404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201289731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172599","display_name":"Inlet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2021-01-11-379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-01-11-379","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2021-01-11-379/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2008.07933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2008.07933","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.07933","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/233793","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/233793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus OA2021","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eb3e9445f1c6493ea749998b4e432279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eb3e9445f1c6493ea749998b4e432279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, Vol 5, p 379 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2021-01-11-379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-01-11-379","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2021-01-11-379/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4667608353","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PPN/PPO/2018/1/00007/U/00001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328499","funder_display_name":"Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328499","display_name":"Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3120866053.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3120866053.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W273698207","https://openalex.org/W1490083226","https://openalex.org/W1968381650","https://openalex.org/W2022096757","https://openalex.org/W2030506068","https://openalex.org/W2043971919","https://openalex.org/W2045257728","https://openalex.org/W2076576045","https://openalex.org/W2078035831","https://openalex.org/W2082279251","https://openalex.org/W2083639617","https://openalex.org/W2089771655","https://openalex.org/W2102438576","https://openalex.org/W2109516761","https://openalex.org/W2151373263","https://openalex.org/W2196751379","https://openalex.org/W2503805778","https://openalex.org/W2596695612","https://openalex.org/W2867898316","https://openalex.org/W2921778212","https://openalex.org/W2922288312","https://openalex.org/W2950668686","https://openalex.org/W2985327022","https://openalex.org/W2994622060","https://openalex.org/W3004575260","https://openalex.org/W3013417707","https://openalex.org/W3031839824","https://openalex.org/W3043530243","https://openalex.org/W3052026438","https://openalex.org/W3098283439","https://openalex.org/W3102807580","https://openalex.org/W3103323100","https://openalex.org/W3103781199","https://openalex.org/W3104439851","https://openalex.org/W3105551401","https://openalex.org/W3105840633","https://openalex.org/W3106060951","https://openalex.org/W4287723248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2743174448","https://openalex.org/W2676676191","https://openalex.org/W2743284662","https://openalex.org/W2094768698","https://openalex.org/W2743940629","https://openalex.org/W2781933110","https://openalex.org/W2742205261","https://openalex.org/W2945288514","https://openalex.org/W577353736","https://openalex.org/W4281774272"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"backflow":[1,32,48],"is":[2],"usually":[3],"understood":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6,14,75],"quantum":[7,15,31,87],"interference":[8],"phenomenon":[9],"where":[10],"probability":[11,72],"current":[12],"of":[13,30,47,73],"particle":[16,78],"points":[17],"in":[18,49],"the":[19,28,38,60,71],"opposite":[20],"direction":[21],"to":[22],"particle's":[23],"momentum.":[24],"Here,":[25],"we":[26],"quantify":[27],"amount":[29],"for":[33,59,84],"arbitrary":[34],"momentum":[35,91],"distributions,":[36],"paving":[37],"way":[39],"towards":[40],"its":[41],"experimental":[42,56],"verification.":[43],"We":[44],"give":[45],"examples":[46],"gravitational":[50],"and":[51,54],"harmonic":[52],"potential,":[53],"discuss":[55],"procedures":[57],"required":[58],"demonstration":[61],"using":[62],"atomic":[63],"gravimeters.":[64],"Such":[65],"an":[66],"experiment":[67],"would":[68],"show":[69],"that":[70],"finding":[74],"free":[76],"falling":[77],"above":[79],"initial":[80],"level":[81],"could":[82],"grow":[83],"suitably":[85],"prepared":[86],"state":[88],"with":[89],"most":[90],"downwards.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}