{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3008208642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-12-14-372","title":"Near-optimal ground state preparation","display_name":"Near-optimal ground state preparation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3008208642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-12-14-372","mag":"3008208642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2020-12-14-372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-12-14-372","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2020-12-14-372/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2020-12-14-372/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lin Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lin Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA","Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yu Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-9566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":8.0192,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":159,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97975151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"372","last_page":"372"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9724000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9724000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.014600000344216824,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-state","display_name":"Ground state","score":0.8894000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.7750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.5928999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.557200014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-gap","display_name":"Spectral gap","score":0.5254999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamiltonian","display_name":"Hamiltonian (control theory)","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.45559999346733093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69523127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4480008","display_name":"Ground state","level":2,"score":0.8894000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.7750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.5928999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.557200014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778114796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575194","display_name":"Spectral gap","level":2,"score":0.5254999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130787639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5645293","display_name":"Hamiltonian (control theory)","level":2,"score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.48910000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.45559999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4499000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.44290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181500209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215328","display_name":"Excited state","level":2,"score":0.423799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3792000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151376022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168698","display_name":"Exponential function","level":2,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179053373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1547690","display_name":"Ground bounce","level":5,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197806323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909221","display_name":"Particle in a box","level":3,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2020-12-14-372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-12-14-372","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2020-12-14-372/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2002.12508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2002.12508","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.12508","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1810083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1810083","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1810083","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1fd92b3f6f8a44819caf7d4c5a8ef080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1fd92b3f6f8a44819caf7d4c5a8ef080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, Vol 4, p 372 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2020-12-14-372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-12-14-372","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2020-12-14-372/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1065316766","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Award","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1286236842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-AC02-05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1523888516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2978463324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-18-1-00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3083819904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3310577945","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G425189044","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-05CH","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5238257719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-SC0017867","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5315912995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5809100787","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6330738325","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE_AC02_05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6348972864","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC02-05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6429026066","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-05CH112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6558272803","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7320122463","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-18-1-0095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7340683655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"E-AC02-05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7406122311","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC02-05CH1123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7825954517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-05CH1123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7970117537","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-18-1-0095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8414908677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G969889393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3008208642.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3008208642.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1871899311","https://openalex.org/W1998948422","https://openalex.org/W2006290558","https://openalex.org/W2029029634","https://openalex.org/W2040792108","https://openalex.org/W2045590835","https://openalex.org/W2072381205","https://openalex.org/W2082404199","https://openalex.org/W2084019889","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2094329495","https://openalex.org/W2096334625","https://openalex.org/W2097174474","https://openalex.org/W2121981260","https://openalex.org/W2137591724","https://openalex.org/W2144456193","https://openalex.org/W2148729683","https://openalex.org/W2161685427","https://openalex.org/W2192149141","https://openalex.org/W2415656260","https://openalex.org/W2535738892","https://openalex.org/W2563989350","https://openalex.org/W2620582212","https://openalex.org/W2761673598","https://openalex.org/W2769838435","https://openalex.org/W2770917698","https://openalex.org/W2775106578","https://openalex.org/W2791899439","https://openalex.org/W2805612073","https://openalex.org/W2809863118","https://openalex.org/W2895634032","https://openalex.org/W2964307732","https://openalex.org/W2984279929","https://openalex.org/W3008665348","https://openalex.org/W3010344614","https://openalex.org/W3098858679"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Preparing":[0],"the":[1,44,52,56,60,77,85,97,116,120,123,128,132,140,168,178,186,191],"ground":[2,11,45,57,78,86,117,160,169],"state":[3,39,46,79,130,161],"of":[4,84,122,125,167],"a":[5,31,93,110,159],"given":[6,20],"Hamiltonian":[7],"and":[8,51,59,190],"estimating":[9],"its":[10],"energy":[12,58,63,87],"are":[13],"important":[14],"but":[15],"computationally":[16],"hard":[17],"tasks.":[18],"However,":[19],"some":[21],"additional":[22],"information,":[23],"these":[24,69],"problems":[25],"can":[26,47,153],"be":[27,48,155],"solved":[28],"efficiently":[29,49],"on":[30,96,131],"quantum":[32,192],"computer.":[33],"We":[34,171],"assume":[35],"that":[36,75,174],"an":[37,73,81,102,164],"initial":[38,129],"with":[40,43],"non-trivial":[41],"overlap":[42],"prepared,":[50],"spectral":[53],"gap":[54],"between":[55],"first":[61],"excited":[62],"is":[64,88,105,135],"bounded":[65],"from":[66],"below.":[67],"With":[68],"assumptions":[70],"we":[71,108],"design":[72],"algorithm":[74,113,143],"prepares":[76],"when":[80],"upper":[82,103,165],"bound":[83,104,166],"known,":[89,107],"whose":[90],"runtime":[91],"has":[92],"logarithmic":[94],"dependence":[95,121],"inverse":[98],"error.":[99],"When":[100],"such":[101],"not":[106],"propose":[109],"hybrid":[111],"quantum-classical":[112],"to":[114,127,139,157,185],"estimate":[115],"energy,":[118],"where":[119],"number":[124],"queries":[126],"desired":[133],"precision":[134],"exponentially":[136],"improved":[137],"compared":[138],"current":[141],"state-of-the-art":[142],"proposed":[144],"in":[145],"[Ge":[146],"et":[147],"al.":[148],"2019].":[149],"These":[150],"two":[151],"algorithms":[152,176],"then":[154],"combined":[156],"prepare":[158],"without":[162],"knowing":[163],"energy.":[170],"also":[172],"prove":[173],"our":[175],"reach":[177],"complexity":[179],"lower":[180],"bounds":[181],"by":[182],"applying":[183],"it":[184],"unstructured":[187],"search":[188],"problem":[189],"approximate":[193],"counting":[194],"problem.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2020-03-06T00:00:00"}
