{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2766144762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2018-05-24-68","title":"Scalable Neural Network Decoders for Higher Dimensional Quantum Codes","display_name":"Scalable Neural Network Decoders for Higher Dimensional Quantum Codes","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2766144762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2018-05-24-68","mag":"2766144762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2018-05-24-68","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2018-05-24-68","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2018-05-24-68/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2018-05-24-68/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nikolas P. Breuckmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7211-5515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolas P. Breuckmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7211-5515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaotong Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-9391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120293","display_name":"Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics","ror":"https://ror.org/01vekys64","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210120293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotong Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-9391","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120293"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":3.9274,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94728899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"68","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9581000208854675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9581000208854675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.013500000350177288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6394000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6053000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5605999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5555999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5181000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.48190000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.39500001072883606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.770799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6394000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6053000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5877000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5605999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5555999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5181000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.48190000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.38679999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157899210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395022","display_name":"Convolutional code","level":3,"score":0.37770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.3635999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C812465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5058375","display_name":"Cellular neural network","level":3,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.26589998602867126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2018-05-24-68","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2018-05-24-68","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2018-05-24-68/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire/bfa5a8a0-58d5-48cb-9a71-2173dabe7e2a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/bfa5a8a0-58d5-48cb-9a71-2173dabe7e2a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Breuckmann, N P & Ni, X 2018, 'Scalable neural network decoders for higher dimensional quantum codes', Quantum, vol. 2. https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2018-05-24-68","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1710.09489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1710.09489","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.09489","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d2977b3d12244bdb99eb678786028f81","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d2977b3d12244bdb99eb678786028f81","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum, Vol 2, p 68 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10061357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10061357/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   Quantum , 2     , Article page 68.       ","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:780968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-2020-00972%22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401033","display_name":"RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","host_organization_name":"RWTH Aachen University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"doi:10.18154/RWTH-2020-00972","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_3029935","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0003-13D4-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.18154/rwth-2020-00972","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18154/rwth-2020-00972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401033","display_name":"RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","host_organization_name":"RWTH Aachen University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22331/q-2018-05-24-68","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2018-05-24-68","pdf_url":"https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2018-05-24-68/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226432","display_name":"Quantum","issn_l":"2521-327X","issn":["2521-327X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317900","host_organization_name":"Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2766144762.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2766144762.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142413548","https://openalex.org/W1479892629","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1979081194","https://openalex.org/W2019599312","https://openalex.org/W2028166238","https://openalex.org/W2077573806","https://openalex.org/W2082820211","https://openalex.org/W2088636071","https://openalex.org/W2095201368","https://openalex.org/W2107453273","https://openalex.org/W2120294885","https://openalex.org/W2134264591","https://openalex.org/W2138913040","https://openalex.org/W2147590609","https://openalex.org/W2202751465","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2489848741","https://openalex.org/W2504767107","https://openalex.org/W2533940598","https://openalex.org/W2546191734","https://openalex.org/W2604744755","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2611652092","https://openalex.org/W2618159897","https://openalex.org/W2620286290","https://openalex.org/W2766447205","https://openalex.org/W2950220847","https://openalex.org/W2951475827","https://openalex.org/W2963408536","https://openalex.org/W2963532359","https://openalex.org/W3197075912","https://openalex.org/W4244332099"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0,55],"learning":[1,56,187],"has":[2,57,75,128],"the":[3,17,22,37,63,73,90,126,137,142,147,156,178],"potential":[4],"to":[5,19,21,61,76,101,108,136,168],"become":[6],"an":[7],"important":[8],"tool":[9],"in":[10],"quantum":[11,27],"error":[12,23,114,157],"correction":[13],"as":[14,72],"it":[15],"allows":[16],"decoder":[18,127,148],"adapt":[20],"distribution":[24],"of":[25,92,113,131],"a":[26,103,111,129,171,184],"chip.":[28],"An":[29],"additional":[30],"motivation":[31],"for":[32,79,95,151],"using":[33],"neural":[34,106,173],"networks":[35],"is":[36,48,159,175,183],"fact":[38],"that":[39,125],"they":[40],"can":[41],"be":[42,77],"evaluated":[43],"by":[44],"dedicated":[45],"hardware":[46],"which":[47,83,182],"very":[49],"fast":[50],"and":[51,165],"consumes":[52],"little":[53],"power.":[54],"been":[58],"previously":[59],"applied":[60,135],"decode":[62],"surface":[64],"code.":[65,140],"However,":[66],"these":[67],"approaches":[68],"are":[69,145],"not":[70],"scalable":[71],"training":[74],"redone":[78],"every":[80],"system":[81],"size":[82],"becomes":[84],"increasingly":[85],"difficult.":[86],"In":[87],"this":[88],"work":[89],"existence":[91],"local":[93],"decoders":[94],"higher":[96],"dimensional":[97],"codes":[98],"leads":[99],"us":[100],"use":[102],"low-depth":[104],"convolutional":[105,172],"network":[107,174],"locally":[109],"assign":[110],"likelihood":[112],"on":[115],"each":[116],"qubit.":[117],"For":[118],"noiseless":[119],"syndrome":[120,143],"measurements,":[121],"numerical":[122,166],"simulations":[123],"show":[124,169],"threshold":[130],"around":[132],"7.1%":[133],"when":[134,155],"4D":[138],"toric":[139],"When":[141],"measurements":[144],"noisy,":[146],"performs":[149],"better":[150],"larger":[152],"code":[153],"sizes":[154],"probability":[158],"low.":[160],"We":[161],"also":[162],"give":[163],"theoretical":[164],"analysis":[167],"how":[170],"different":[176],"from":[177],"1-nearest":[179],"neighbor":[180],"algorithm,":[181],"baseline":[185],"machine":[186],"method.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2017-11-10T00:00:00"}