{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2982277135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22152/programming-journal.org/2021/5/12","title":"Transparent Synchronous Dataflow","display_name":"Transparent Synchronous Dataflow","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2982277135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22152/programming-journal.org/2021/5/12","mag":"2982277135"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22152/programming-journal.org/2021/5/12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22152/programming-journal.org/2021/5/12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199781","display_name":"The Art Science and Engineering of Programming","issn_l":"2473-7321","issn":["2473-7321"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.09579","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079175162","display_name":"Steven W. Cheung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1724-4944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven W.T. Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Birmingham"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Birmingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072298249","display_name":"Dan R. Ghica","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4003-8893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan R. Ghica","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Birmingham"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Birmingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076471067","display_name":"Koko Muroya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0454-6900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koko Muroya","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Birmingham","RIMS, Kyoto University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Birmingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIMS, Kyoto University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079175162"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00801727,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dataflow","display_name":"Dataflow","score":0.9909237623214722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8307174444198608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dataflow-architecture","display_name":"Dataflow architecture","score":0.6239046454429626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5932703614234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow","display_name":"Control flow","score":0.5330418944358826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5048845410346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-of-computation","display_name":"Model of computation","score":0.4540475606918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44814062118530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4424581825733185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3970513343811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3492526710033417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.34425634145736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3369271755218506}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96324660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205446","display_name":"Dataflow","level":2,"score":0.9909237623214722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8307174444198608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176727019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172415","display_name":"Dataflow architecture","level":3,"score":0.6239046454429626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5932703614234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160191386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868299","display_name":"Control flow","level":2,"score":0.5330418944358826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5048845410346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184596265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2651576","display_name":"Model of computation","level":3,"score":0.4540475606918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44814062118530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4424581825733185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3970513343811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3492526710033417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34425634145736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3369271755218506}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22152/programming-journal.org/2021/5/12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22152/programming-journal.org/2021/5/12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199781","display_name":"The Art Science and Engineering of Programming","issn_l":"2473-7321","issn":["2473-7321"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1910.09579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09579","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.09579","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/7d2e6da6-d475-49ed-9cb2-7a249539be40","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/7d2e6da6-d475-49ed-9cb2-7a249539be40","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cheung, S, Ghica, D & Muroya, K 2021, 'Transparent synchronous dataflow', The Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming, vol. 5, no. 3, 12. https://doi.org/10.22152/programming-journal.org/2021/5/12","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/7d2e6da6-d475-49ed-9cb2-7a249539be40","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://birmingham.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/7d2e6da6-d475-49ed-9cb2-7a249539be40","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1910.09579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09579","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.09579","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8345213982","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V001612/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38224647","https://openalex.org/W95578667","https://openalex.org/W133030971","https://openalex.org/W147093031","https://openalex.org/W1409627819","https://openalex.org/W1495919280","https://openalex.org/W1511203305","https://openalex.org/W1514057953","https://openalex.org/W1521275321","https://openalex.org/W1524811322","https://openalex.org/W1559895627","https://openalex.org/W1565370167","https://openalex.org/W1576648414","https://openalex.org/W1579416470","https://openalex.org/W1583833142","https://openalex.org/W1663179985","https://openalex.org/W1687120846","https://openalex.org/W1978353388","https://openalex.org/W1983093418","https://openalex.org/W1993173595","https://openalex.org/W1995969393","https://openalex.org/W1996138408","https://openalex.org/W2005976511","https://openalex.org/W2007270285","https://openalex.org/W2027591072","https://openalex.org/W2035829578","https://openalex.org/W2049440551","https://openalex.org/W2051716170","https://openalex.org/W2078019303","https://openalex.org/W2079512738","https://openalex.org/W2083251128","https://openalex.org/W2089589666","https://openalex.org/W2096936728","https://openalex.org/W2106351589","https://openalex.org/W2106656979","https://openalex.org/W2123549656","https://openalex.org/W2125415493","https://openalex.org/W2136848157","https://openalex.org/W2139695229","https://openalex.org/W2150548943","https://openalex.org/W2153458296","https://openalex.org/W2160323811","https://openalex.org/W2163690888","https://openalex.org/W2168485266","https://openalex.org/W2171267342","https://openalex.org/W2382989034","https://openalex.org/W2402144811","https://openalex.org/W2546724314","https://openalex.org/W2559809343","https://openalex.org/W2564406933","https://openalex.org/W2794436579","https://openalex.org/W2798553563","https://openalex.org/W2801842046","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2954007453","https://openalex.org/W2962727772","https://openalex.org/W2962792150","https://openalex.org/W3101487288","https://openalex.org/W3124066374","https://openalex.org/W3139857476","https://openalex.org/W4231894538","https://openalex.org/W4236134058","https://openalex.org/W4238668606","https://openalex.org/W4249023099","https://openalex.org/W4253360640","https://openalex.org/W4254216217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2277357125","https://openalex.org/W4229975623","https://openalex.org/W2077180914","https://openalex.org/W4318948654","https://openalex.org/W2188794726","https://openalex.org/W2765088138","https://openalex.org/W2108674173","https://openalex.org/W1998949396","https://openalex.org/W2040778456","https://openalex.org/W2783505431"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dataflow":[0],"programming":[1,7,447],"is":[2,73,92,130,176,205,318,336,355,373,381,398,437],"a":[3,18,131,159,229,245,283,363,384,389,404,414,441],"popular":[4],"and":[5,13,66,135,144,156,211,235,238,255,296,327,347,427],"convenient":[6],"paradigm":[8],"in":[9,35,40,85,94,121,125,187,220,259,357],"systems":[10],"modelling,":[11],"optimisation,":[12],"machine":[14,302],"learning.":[15],"It":[16],"has":[17,50],"number":[19],"of":[20,26,47,57,69,76,115,152,168,179,190,197,208,218,307,333,345,365,396,424,434,444],"advantages,":[21],"for":[22,291,323],"instance":[23],"the":[24,45,55,74,86,89,127,173,188,194,198,206,215,260,270,316,324,328,331,334,339,342,358,366,370,425,435,445],"lacks":[25,341],"control":[27],"flow":[28],"allows":[29],"computation":[30,111],"to":[31,161,226,274,375,417],"be":[32,250,267,280],"carried":[33],"out":[34],"parallel":[36],"as":[37,39,362,399,401,408,440],"well":[38],"distributed":[41],"machines.":[42],"More":[43],"recently":[44],"idea":[46],"dataflow":[48,81,90,123,163,199,230,246,264,292],"graphs":[49,164,265],"also":[51,421,438],"been":[52],"brought":[53],"into":[54],"design":[56],"various":[58],"deep":[59,78],"learning":[60,79],"frameworks.":[61],"They":[62],"facilitate":[63],"an":[64,95,288,300,383],"easy":[65],"efficient":[67],"implementation":[68,433],"automatic":[70],"differentiation,":[71],"which":[72,126,192,221,272],"heart":[75],"modern":[77],"paradigm.<br/><br/>Many":[80],"languages":[82,124,140,191],"are":[83,113,119,224,257],"\u2018modal\u2019":[84],"sense":[87,261],"that":[88,262,379],"graph":[91,200,231,247],"\u2018constructed\u2019":[93],"ambient":[96,128,139],"environment":[97,129],"then":[98],"\u2018executed\u2019":[99],"using":[100,201,299],"special":[101,222],"commands.":[102],"Simulink,":[103],"earlier":[104],"Tensorflow,":[105],"Lucid":[106],"Synchrone":[107],"(LS)":[108],"or":[109,369],"Self-adjusting":[110],"(SAC)":[112],"examples":[114],"such":[116],"languages.":[117],"We":[118,419],"interested":[120],"modal":[122],"fully":[132],"fledged":[133],"functional":[134,297],"imperative":[136,202,212,295],"language.":[137,448],"Such":[138],"make":[141],"creating":[142],"complex":[143],"large":[145],"models":[146],"easier,":[147],"but":[148,252],"they":[149],"raise":[150],"questions":[151],"language":[153,285,317,335,340,368,426],"design,":[154],"safety":[155,423],"efficiency.<br/><br/>LS":[157],"provides":[158],"way":[160,360],"define":[162],"through":[165],"co-recursive":[166],"equations":[167],"streams.":[169],"In":[170],"these":[171],"cases":[172],"interesting":[174,184],"issue":[175],"efficiency,":[177],"particularly":[178],"memory":[180],"utilisation.":[181],"A":[182,431],"semantically":[183],"question":[185],"occurs":[186],"case":[189,207],"allow":[193],"explicit":[195],"manipulation":[196],"constructs.":[203],"This":[204,372],"early":[209],"Tensorflow":[210,254],"SAC.":[213],"However":[214],"meta-programming":[216],"style":[217],"TensorFlow":[219,239,346],"commands":[223],"used":[225,356],"construct":[227],"imperatively":[228,248],"was":[232],"considered":[233],"awkward":[234],"error":[236],"prone,":[237],"moved":[240],"away":[241],"from":[242],"it.":[243],"Constructing":[244],"can":[249,266,279],"convenient,":[251],"both":[253,294],"SAC":[256],"unsafe,":[258],"\u2018illegal\u2019":[263],"constructed":[268],"during":[269],"execution,":[271,397],"leads":[273],"unsafe":[275],"behaviour.":[276],"These":[277],"problems":[278],"avoided":[281],"by":[282,393],"judicious":[284],"design.<br/><br/>We":[286],"present":[287],"idealised":[289],"calculus":[290,436],"with":[293,310,320],"features":[298,312],"abstract":[301],"model":[303],"based":[304],"on":[305],"Geometry":[306],"Interaction":[308],"enhanced":[309],"rewriting":[311],"(\u2018Dynamic":[313],"GoI\u2019).":[314],"Although":[315],"modal,":[319],"distinct":[321],"executions":[322],"PCF-like":[325],"fragment":[326],"DFG":[329],"fragment,":[330],"syntax":[332],"uniform.":[337],"So":[338],"\u201cmetaprogramming\u201d":[343],"feel":[344],"other":[348],"embedded":[349],"DSL-like":[350],"solutions.":[351],"Concretely,":[352],"any":[353],"operator":[354,376],"same":[359],"whether":[361],"part":[364],"host":[367],"DFG.":[371],"akin":[374],"overloading,":[377],"except":[378],"it":[380],"realised":[382],"purely":[385],"semantic":[386],"way.":[387],"Establishing":[388],"\u201csemantic":[390],"context\u201d,":[391],"defined":[392],"its":[394,428],"history":[395],"far":[400],"we":[402,409],"know":[403],"novel":[405,415],"approach":[406,416],"which,":[407],"shall":[410],"see,":[411],"will":[412],"require":[413],"semantics.":[418],"have":[420],"proved":[422],"in-principle":[429],"efficiency.":[430],"prototype":[432],"described,":[439],"PPX":[442],"extension":[443],"OCaml":[446]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00"}