{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3023528099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22152/programming-journal.org/2017/1/17","title":"What Is the Best Way For Developers to Learn New Software Tools? An Empirical Comparison Between a Text and a Video Tutorial","display_name":"What Is the Best Way For Developers to Learn New Software Tools? An Empirical Comparison Between a Text and a Video Tutorial","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3023528099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22152/programming-journal.org/2017/1/17","mag":"3023528099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22152/programming-journal.org/2017/1/17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22152/programming-journal.org/2017/1/17","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1704.00074v1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199781","display_name":"The Art Science and Engineering of Programming","issn_l":"2473-7321","issn":["2473-7321"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1704.00074v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110941946","display_name":"Verena K\u00e4fer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Verena K\u00e4fer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043952344","display_name":"Daniel Kulesz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4499-9664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Kulesz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Software Technology, University of Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Software Technology, University of Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041829889","display_name":"Stefan Wagner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5256-8429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110941946"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3479,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91064038,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12171","display_name":"Open Education and E-Learning","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7597278356552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5968660116195679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.568597137928009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.5120120644569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.091031014919281}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7597278356552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5968660116195679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.568597137928009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.5120120644569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.091031014919281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22152/programming-journal.org/2017/1/17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22152/programming-journal.org/2017/1/17","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1704.00074v1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199781","display_name":"The Art Science and Engineering of Programming","issn_l":"2473-7321","issn":["2473-7321"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1704.00074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.00074","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1704.00074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22152/programming-journal.org/2017/1/17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22152/programming-journal.org/2017/1/17","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1704.00074v1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199781","display_name":"The Art Science and Engineering of Programming","issn_l":"2473-7321","issn":["2473-7321"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3023528099.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3023528099.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2375476037"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,267],"better":[1],"developers":[2,44],"can":[3,10,19,45,285],"learn":[4],"software":[5,43,57,111,132,140,310],"tools,":[6],"the":[7,15,32,85,139,146,153,156,161,165,173,189,193,197,200,204,208,212,218],"faster":[8,195],"they":[9,18],"start":[11],"using":[12,143,187,206],"them":[13],"and":[14,93,164,256,259],"more":[16,320],"efficiently":[17],"later":[20],"work":[21],"with":[22,152,160,168,199,262,279],"them.":[23,343],"Tutorials":[24],"are":[25,77,231],"supposed":[26],"to":[27,65,137,288,302,322,337,341],"help":[28],"here.":[29],"While":[30],"in":[31,89,123,175,299],"early":[33],"days":[34],"of":[35,51,91,177,282,328],"computing,":[36],"mostly":[37],"text":[38,68,116,162,190,242,325],"tutorials":[39,52,69,236,243,275,326],"were":[40,135,179],"available,":[41],"nowadays":[42],"choose":[46],"among":[47],"a":[48,109,114,131,144,329],"huge":[49],"number":[50],"for":[53,96,108,237,244],"almost":[54,180],"any":[55],"popular":[56],"tool.":[58],"However,":[59,203],"only":[60,151,159,188,207,324],"little":[61],"research":[62],"was":[63,149],"conducted":[64,120],"understand":[66],"how":[67],"differ":[70],"from":[71,130],"other":[72],"tutorials,":[73],"which":[74,81,280,289],"tutorial":[75,82,107,163,191,194,210,229,283,316,332],"types":[76,83,230],"preferred":[78],"and,":[79],"especially,":[80],"yield":[84],"best":[86],"learning":[87,238],"experience":[88],"terms":[90,176],"efficiency":[92,178],"effectiveness,":[94],"especially":[95],"programmers.":[97],"To":[98],"evaluate":[99],"these":[100],"questions,":[101],"we":[102],"converted":[103],"an":[104,121,292],"existing":[105],"video":[106,154,201,209,235,331],"novel":[110],"tool":[112,141,311],"into":[113],"content-equivalent":[115],"tutorial.":[117,202],"We":[118,182,223,249,296],"then":[119],"experiment":[122],"three":[124],"groups":[125],"where":[126],"42":[127],"undergraduate":[128],"students":[129],"engineering":[133],"course":[134],"commissioned":[136],"operate":[138],"after":[142],"tutorial:":[145],"first":[147],"group":[148,158,167],"provided":[150,334],"tutorial,":[155],"second":[157],"third":[166],"both.":[169],"In":[170],"this":[171],"context,":[172],"differences":[174],"negligible:":[181],"could":[183],"observe":[184],"that":[185,226,298],"participants":[186,198,205,233],"completed":[192],"than":[196],"applied":[211],"learned":[213],"content":[214,240],"faster,":[215],"achieving":[216],"roughly":[217],"same":[219],"bottom":[220],"line":[221],"performance.":[222],"also":[224],"found":[225],"if":[227,309],"both":[228,315],"offered,":[232],"prefer":[234],"new":[239],"but":[241],"looking":[245],"up":[246],"\"missed\"":[247],"information.":[248],"mainly":[250],"gathered":[251],"our":[252],"data":[253,268],"through":[254],"questionnaires":[255],"screen":[257],"recordings":[258],"analyzed":[260],"it":[261,305,318],"suitable":[263],"statistical":[264],"hypotheses":[265],"tests.":[266],"is":[269],"available":[270],"at":[271],"[12].":[272],"Since":[273],"producing":[274],"requires":[276],"effort,":[277],"knowing":[278],"type":[281],"learnability":[284],"be":[286,307],"increased":[287],"extent":[290],"has":[291],"immense":[293],"practical":[294],"relevance.":[295],"conclude":[297],"contexts":[300],"similar":[301],"ours,":[303],"while":[304],"would":[306,313],"ideal":[308],"makers":[312],"offer":[314],"types,":[317],"seems":[319],"efficient":[321],"produce":[323],"instead":[327],"passive":[330],"-":[333],"you":[335],"manage":[336],"motivate":[338],"your":[339],"learners":[340],"use":[342]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2020-05-13T00:00:00"}