{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1967481203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1318338855","title":"Strong isomorphism reductions in complexity theory","display_name":"Strong isomorphism reductions in complexity theory","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1967481203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1318338855","mag":"1967481203"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2178/jsl/1318338855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1318338855","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/264EEEF601A020DD4E04876C9A8305A0/S0022481200001432a.pdf/div-class-title-strong-isomorphism-reductions-in-complexity-theory-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177675236","display_name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","issn_l":"0022-4812","issn":["0022-4812","1943-5886"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Symbolic Logic","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/264EEEF601A020DD4E04876C9A8305A0/S0022481200001432a.pdf/div-class-title-strong-isomorphism-reductions-in-complexity-theory-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067079243","display_name":"Sam Buss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3837-334X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Buss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0112, USA, E-mail:","University of California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0112, USA, E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101621254","display_name":"Yijia Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6986-6736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijia Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Basic Studies in Computing Science (Basics), Department of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China, E-mail:","Shanghai JiaoTong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Basic Studies in Computing Science (Basics), Department of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China, E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai JiaoTong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113696666","display_name":"J\u00f6rg Flum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00f6rg Flum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, E-mail:","Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t Freiburg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t Freiburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009749667","display_name":"Sy\u2010David Friedman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8460-4394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113698","display_name":"Kurt G\u00f6del Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp6nz35","country_code":"AT","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113698"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sy-David Friedman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kurt G\u00f6del Research Center, W\u00e4hringer Stra\u00dfe 25, A-1090 Wien, Austria, E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kurt G\u00f6del Research Center, W\u00e4hringer Stra\u00dfe 25, A-1090 Wien, Austria, E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113698"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011254078","display_name":"Moritz M\u00fcller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122226","display_name":"Centre de Recerca Matem\u00e0tica","ror":"https://ror.org/020s51w82","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122226","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moritz M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre de Recerca Matem\u00e0tica, Campus Bellaterra, Edifici C, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain, E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de Recerca Matem\u00e0tica, Campus Bellaterra, Edifici C, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain, E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7876,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83824395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"76","issue":"4","first_page":"1381","last_page":"1402"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.8196825981140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinality","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","score":0.8186823129653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isomorphism","display_name":"Isomorphism (crystallography)","score":0.8070980310440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.7313017249107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-complexity","display_name":"Time complexity","score":0.5413098335266113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.49015864729881287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.4640710949897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-computation","display_name":"Theory of computation","score":0.4440881907939911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial","display_name":"Polynomial","score":0.43580326437950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complexity-class","display_name":"Complexity class","score":0.42340216040611267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/element","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","score":0.41657692193984985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.4131818413734436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinal-number","display_name":"Cardinal number (linguistics)","score":0.4104694128036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.19917607307434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1765211522579193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.05338454246520996}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.8196825981140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87117476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362383","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","level":2,"score":0.8186823129653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203436722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902950","display_name":"Isomorphism (crystallography)","level":3,"score":0.8070980310440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.7313017249107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.5413098335266113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.49015864729881287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4640710949897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24858836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844718","display_name":"Theory of computation","level":2,"score":0.4440881907939911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90119067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260","display_name":"Polynomial","level":2,"score":0.43580326437950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39637292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908207","display_name":"Complexity class","level":3,"score":0.42340216040611267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200288055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621792","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","level":2,"score":0.41657692193984985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.4131818413734436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778408900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329258","display_name":"Cardinal number (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4104694128036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19917607307434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1765211522579193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.05338454246520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115624301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q895901","display_name":"Crystal structure","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2178/jsl/1318338855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1318338855","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/264EEEF601A020DD4E04876C9A8305A0/S0022481200001432a.pdf/div-class-title-strong-isomorphism-reductions-in-complexity-theory-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177675236","display_name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","issn_l":"0022-4812","issn":["0022-4812","1943-5886"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Symbolic Logic","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CULeuclid:euclid.jsl/1318338855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.jsl/1318338855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400787","display_name":"Project Euclid (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.190.342","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.190.342","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://home.mathematik.uni-freiburg.de/flum/preprints/8red.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ddd.uab.cat:76272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ddd.uab.cat/record/76272","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400380","display_name":"Dip\u00f2sit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","host_organization_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:uabarcelona_::7402d6fc42f3047b47a11ab3092bceee","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ddd.uab.cat/record/76272","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:recercat.cat:2072/169477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2072/169477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402147","display_name":"RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210090028","host_organization_name":"Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2178/jsl/1318338855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1318338855","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/264EEEF601A020DD4E04876C9A8305A0/S0022481200001432a.pdf/div-class-title-strong-isomorphism-reductions-in-complexity-theory-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177675236","display_name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","issn_l":"0022-4812","issn":["0022-4812","1943-5886"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Symbolic Logic","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1967481203.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1967481203.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66565913","https://openalex.org/W626407659","https://openalex.org/W1482193060","https://openalex.org/W1511738550","https://openalex.org/W1517154004","https://openalex.org/W1566708570","https://openalex.org/W1606150974","https://openalex.org/W1649168892","https://openalex.org/W1712906147","https://openalex.org/W1997198079","https://openalex.org/W2016314496","https://openalex.org/W2016588822","https://openalex.org/W2077202644","https://openalex.org/W2077723005","https://openalex.org/W2083343164","https://openalex.org/W2100570449","https://openalex.org/W2160461541","https://openalex.org/W2984059665","https://openalex.org/W6636291499"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W24519920","https://openalex.org/W1742833582","https://openalex.org/W2011398035","https://openalex.org/W2611939935","https://openalex.org/W1967481203","https://openalex.org/W2018978685","https://openalex.org/W2769898288","https://openalex.org/W1424698467","https://openalex.org/W3013412531","https://openalex.org/W2070660623"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1,37,49],"give":[2],"the":[3,25,29,40,70,91,94,101,105],"first":[4],"systematic":[5],"study":[6],"of":[7,13,28,35,43,57,61,72,75,93,96,104],"strong":[8],"isomorphism":[9],"reductions,":[10],"a":[11,54,85,97],"notion":[12],"reduction":[14,20,58],"more":[15,86],"appropriate":[16],"than":[17],"polynomial":[18],"time":[19],"when,":[21],"for":[22,32,67],"example,":[23],"comparing":[24,66],"computational":[26],"complexity":[27],"isomorphim":[30],"problem":[31],"different":[33],"classes":[34,60],"structures.":[36],"show":[38],"that":[39],"partial":[41,102],"ordering":[42,103],"its":[44,51],"degrees":[45],"is":[46],"quite":[47],"rich.":[48],"analyze":[50],"relationship":[52],"to":[53],"further":[55],"type":[56],"between":[59],"structures":[62,74],"based":[63],"on":[64],"purely":[65],"every":[68],"n":[69,79],"number":[71],"nonisomorphic":[73],"cardinality":[76],"at":[77],"most":[78],"in":[80,84,100],"both":[81],"classes.":[82],"Furthermore,":[83],"general":[87],"setting":[88],"we":[89],"address":[90],"question":[92],"existence":[95],"maximal":[98],"element":[99],"degrees.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
