{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994748751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2168/lmcs-9(4:2)2013","title":"Lower Bounds for Existential Pebble Games and k-Consistency Tests","display_name":"Lower Bounds for Existential Pebble Games and k-Consistency Tests","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994748751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2168/lmcs-9(4:2)2013","mag":"1994748751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2168/lmcs-9(4:2)2013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2168/lmcs-9(4:2)2013","pdf_url":"https://lmcs.episciences.org/1010/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114379355","display_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","issn_l":"1860-5974","issn":["1860-5974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313916","host_organization_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313916"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://lmcs.episciences.org/1010/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037918017","display_name":"Christoph Berkholz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3554-517X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Berkholz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lehrstuhl fr Informatik 7, RWTH Aachen University","San Francisco, CA 94105, USA, or Eisenacher Strasse 2, 10777 Berlin, Germany","[Rwth Aachen University]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lehrstuhl fr Informatik 7, RWTH Aachen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Francisco, CA 94105, USA, or Eisenacher Strasse 2, 10777 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Rwth Aachen University]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037918017"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1171,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7816955,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"Volume 9, Issue 4","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10374","display_name":"Advanced Graph Theory Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10374","display_name":"Advanced Graph Theory Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pebble","display_name":"Pebble","score":0.6203487515449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-satisfaction-problem","display_name":"Constraint satisfaction problem","score":0.5798748731613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/existentialism","display_name":"Existentialism","score":0.5781160593032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5630009174346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4834095239639282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4489804208278656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.4403790235519409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.43920233845710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-consistency","display_name":"Local consistency","score":0.4143829047679901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.33599162101745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0782911479473114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777760186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14673","display_name":"Pebble","level":2,"score":0.6203487515449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199622910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128326","display_name":"Constraint satisfaction problem","level":3,"score":0.5798748731613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127882523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38066","display_name":"Existentialism","level":2,"score":0.5781160593032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5630009174346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4834095239639282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4489804208278656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.4403790235519409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.43920233845710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137105694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3407510","display_name":"Local consistency","level":4,"score":0.4143829047679901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.33599162101745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0782911479473114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2168/lmcs-9(4:2)2013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2168/lmcs-9(4:2)2013","pdf_url":"https://lmcs.episciences.org/1010/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114379355","display_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","issn_l":"1860-5974","issn":["1860-5974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313916","host_organization_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313916"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1205.0679","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1205.0679","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1205.0679","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b769fae303244442b0d8e7c7bd068c01","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b769fae303244442b0d8e7c7bd068c01","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science, Vol Volume 9, Issue 4 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.18154/rwth-conv-085084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18154/rwth-conv-085084","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401033","display_name":"RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","host_organization_name":"RWTH Aachen University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2168/lmcs-9(4:2)2013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2168/lmcs-9(4:2)2013","pdf_url":"https://lmcs.episciences.org/1010/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114379355","display_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","issn_l":"1860-5974","issn":["1860-5974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313916","host_organization_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313916"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1994748751.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1994748751.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W153181359","https://openalex.org/W1528594376","https://openalex.org/W1561749771","https://openalex.org/W1565047086","https://openalex.org/W1598289908","https://openalex.org/W1603707154","https://openalex.org/W1971345679","https://openalex.org/W2026745535","https://openalex.org/W2057872609","https://openalex.org/W2064336391","https://openalex.org/W2073227282","https://openalex.org/W2112957043","https://openalex.org/W2150339067","https://openalex.org/W2913688336","https://openalex.org/W4212857488","https://openalex.org/W4292230561"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118249115","https://openalex.org/W2569549435","https://openalex.org/W2091348864","https://openalex.org/W1592998112","https://openalex.org/W2784687883","https://openalex.org/W4303044088","https://openalex.org/W96881443","https://openalex.org/W2216566009","https://openalex.org/W2141935412","https://openalex.org/W2140769824"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,19],"existential":[1,23,61],"k-pebble":[2,24,62],"game":[3,25,44,63,97],"characterizes":[4],"the":[5,9,22,41,60,90,96],"expressive":[6],"power":[7],"of":[8,13,21,43,99],"existential-positive":[10],"k-variable":[11],"fragment":[12],"first-order":[14],"logic":[15],"on":[16,26,40,64,77],"finite":[17,29],"structures.":[18,67],"winner":[20],"two":[27,65],"given":[28,66,122],"structures":[30],"can":[31,58,117],"be":[32,118],"determined":[33],"in":[34],"time":[35],"O(n2k)":[36],"by":[37],"dynamic":[38],"programming":[39],"graph":[42],"configurations.":[45],"We":[46],"show":[47],"that":[48,54,106,112],"there":[49,107],"is":[50,71,84,108],"no":[51,109],"O(n(k-3)/12)-time":[52,110],"algorithm":[53,111],"decides":[55,113],"which":[56],"player":[57],"win":[59],"This":[68],"lower":[69],"bound":[70],"unconditional":[72],"and":[73,101],"does":[74],"not":[75],"rely":[76],"any":[78],"complexity-theoretic":[79],"assumptions.":[80],"Establishing":[81],"strong":[82,115],"k-consistency":[83,116],"a":[85,121],"well-known":[86],"heuristic":[87],"for":[88,120],"solving":[89],"constraint":[91],"satisfaction":[92],"problem":[93],"(CSP).":[94],"By":[95],"characterization":[98],"Kolaitis":[100],"Vardi":[102],"our":[103],"result":[104],"implies":[105],"if":[114],"established":[119],"CSP-instance.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
