{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009448222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2168/lmcs-9(3:19)2013","title":"Automatic functions, linear time and learning","display_name":"Automatic functions, linear time and learning","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009448222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2168/lmcs-9(3:19)2013","mag":"2009448222"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2168/lmcs-9(3:19)2013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2168/lmcs-9(3:19)2013","pdf_url":"https://lmcs.episciences.org/734/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114379355","display_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","issn_l":"1860-5974","issn":["1860-5974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313916","host_organization_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313916"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://lmcs.episciences.org/734/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"John Case","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Case","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716-2586, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716-2586, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sanjay Jain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjay Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117417, Republic of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117417, Republic of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Frank Stephan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9152-1706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Stephan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, National University of Singapore, 10 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Sin-gapore 119076, Republic of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9152-1706","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, National University of Singapore, 10 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Sin-gapore 119076, Republic of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Frank Stephan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9152-1706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Stephan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, National University of Singapore, 10 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Sin-gapore 119076, Republic of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9152-1706","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, National University of Singapore, 10 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Sin-gapore 119076, Republic of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5547,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79277102,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"Volume 9, Issue 3","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.8783000111579895,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.8783000111579895,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.07760000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.01269999984651804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learnability","display_name":"Learnability","score":0.5626000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5619000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turing-machine","display_name":"Turing machine","score":0.5382999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queue","display_name":"Queue","score":0.5098999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.4343999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.421099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-complexity","display_name":"Time complexity","score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.391400009393692}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6754999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777723229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4367921","display_name":"Learnability","level":2,"score":0.5626000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5619000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29248071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163310","display_name":"Turing machine","level":3,"score":0.5382999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160403385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220543","display_name":"Queue","level":2,"score":0.5098999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4343999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.421099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.391400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781011336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1465133","display_name":"Time limit","level":2,"score":0.36730000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6802819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072174","display_name":"Linear system","level":2,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184596265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2651576","display_name":"Model of computation","level":3,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163175372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3339222","display_name":"Linear model","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24858836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844718","display_name":"Theory of computation","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9870796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490481","display_name":"Turing","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778199601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165476","display_name":"Continuous function (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2168/lmcs-9(3:19)2013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2168/lmcs-9(3:19)2013","pdf_url":"https://lmcs.episciences.org/734/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114379355","display_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","issn_l":"1860-5974","issn":["1860-5974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313916","host_organization_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313916"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1306.3726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.3726","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1306.3726","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ec8ec2f1bca54bf2bddd609da4a8de02","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ec8ec2f1bca54bf2bddd609da4a8de02","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science, Vol Volume 9, Issue 3 (2013)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2168/lmcs-9(3:19)2013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2168/lmcs-9(3:19)2013","pdf_url":"https://lmcs.episciences.org/734/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114379355","display_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","issn_l":"1860-5974","issn":["1860-5974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313916","host_organization_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313916"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2009448222.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2009448222.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,26],"present":[1,120],"work":[2,121,133,164,178,198],"determines":[3,29],"the":[4,42,81,87,90,93,96,101,119,129,143,149,152,171],"exact":[5],"nature":[6],"of":[7,32,44,48,151,196],"{\\em":[8],"linear":[9,33,84,147],"time":[10,34,85],"computable}":[11],"notions":[12,35],"which":[13,30,50,79],"characterise":[14],"automatic":[15,45,67,111,172],"functions":[16,113],"(those":[17],"whose":[18],"graphs":[19],"are":[20,51,114,209],"recognised":[21,53],"by":[22,54,131],"a":[23,55,64,71,76,137],"finite":[24,56],"automaton).":[25,57],"paper":[27],"also":[28,187],"type":[31],"permit":[36],"full":[37,181,212],"learnability":[38],"for":[39,116,201,211],"learning":[40,168,182,213],"in":[41,83,148,194],"limit":[43],"classes":[46],"(families":[47],"languages":[49],"uniformly":[52],"In":[58,118,158],"particular":[59],"it":[60,122],"is":[61,66,70,105,123,218],"shown":[62,124],"that":[63,107,125],"function":[65,82],"iff":[68],"there":[69],"one-tape":[72],"Turing":[73],"machine":[74],"with":[75],"left":[77,102],"end":[78],"computes":[80],"where":[86],"input":[88],"before":[89],"computation":[91,97],"and":[92,175,200],"output":[94],"after":[95],"both":[98],"start":[99],"at":[100],"end.":[103],"It":[104],"known":[106],"learners":[108],"realised":[109],"as":[110],"update":[112],"restrictive":[115],"learning.":[117],"one":[126,161,185,204,216],"can":[127,186],"overcome":[128],"problem":[130],"providing":[132],"tapes":[134,179,199],"additional":[135,162,167,177,189,192,197],"to":[136,145],"resource-bounded":[138],"base":[139],"tape":[140,165],"while":[141,215],"keeping":[142],"update-time":[144],"be":[146],"length":[150],"largest":[153],"datum":[154],"seen":[155],"so":[156],"far.":[157],"this":[159],"model,":[160],"such":[163],"provides":[166],"power":[169,214],"over":[170],"learner":[173],"model":[174],"two":[176,207],"give":[180],"power.":[183],"Furthermore,":[184],"consider":[188],"queues":[190],"or":[191,206],"stacks":[193,208],"place":[195],"these":[202],"devices,":[203],"queue":[205],"sufficient":[210],"stack":[217],"insufficient.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}