{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2950655732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2168/lmcs-7(1:10)2011","title":"Equality Saturation: A New Approach to Optimization","display_name":"Equality Saturation: A New Approach to Optimization","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2950655732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2168/lmcs-7(1:10)2011","mag":"2950655732"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2168/lmcs-7(1:10)2011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2168/lmcs-7(1:10)2011","pdf_url":"https://lmcs.episciences.org/1016/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114379355","display_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","issn_l":"1860-5974","issn":["1860-5974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313916","host_organization_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313916"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://lmcs.episciences.org/1016/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001655224","display_name":"Ross Tate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7608-4605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ross Tate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego","San Francisco, CA 94105, USA, or Eisenacher Strasse 2, 10777 Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7608-4605","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Francisco, CA 94105, USA, or Eisenacher Strasse 2, 10777 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011902555","display_name":"Michael Stepp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Stepp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego","San Francisco, CA 94105, USA, or Eisenacher Strasse 2, 10777 Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Francisco, CA 94105, USA, or Eisenacher Strasse 2, 10777 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042187082","display_name":"Zachary Tatlock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4731-0124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zachary Tatlock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego","San Francisco, CA 94105, USA, or Eisenacher Strasse 2, 10777 Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4731-0124","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Francisco, CA 94105, USA, or Eisenacher Strasse 2, 10777 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043665959","display_name":"Sorin Lerner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-0628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sorin Lerner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego","San Francisco, CA 94105, USA, or Eisenacher Strasse 2, 10777 Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Francisco, CA 94105, USA, or Eisenacher Strasse 2, 10777 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3805,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89314708,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"Volume 7, Issue 1","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimizing-compiler","display_name":"Optimizing compiler","score":0.8480895757675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8089340925216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.6995192766189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermediate-language","display_name":"Intermediate language","score":0.6106065511703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-optimization","display_name":"Program optimization","score":0.5623926520347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5505157709121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5188695192337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structuring","display_name":"Structuring","score":0.4776969254016876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.43189793825149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3750133216381073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3683708906173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.34008997678756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3257306218147278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13467970490455627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12238004803657532}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190902152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1325106","display_name":"Optimizing compiler","level":3,"score":0.8480895757675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8089340925216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.6995192766189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244916","display_name":"Intermediate language","level":3,"score":0.6106065511703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139571649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156793","display_name":"Program optimization","level":3,"score":0.5623926520347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5505157709121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5188695192337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775945657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381442","display_name":"Structuring","level":2,"score":0.4776969254016876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.43189793825149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3750133216381073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3683708906173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.34008997678756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3257306218147278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13467970490455627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12238004803657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2168/lmcs-7(1:10)2011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2168/lmcs-7(1:10)2011","pdf_url":"https://lmcs.episciences.org/1016/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114379355","display_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","issn_l":"1860-5974","issn":["1860-5974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313916","host_organization_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313916"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1012.1802","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1012.1802","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1012.1802","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.155.2007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.155.2007","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.ucsd.edu/~lerner/papers/popl09.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.204.6451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.204.6451","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cse.ucsd.edu/users/lerner/papers/lmcs.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.296.2748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.296.2748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~lerner/papers/popl09.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.303.6572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.303.6572","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cse.ucsd.edu/users/lerner/papers/lmcs11-eqsat.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.348.5133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.348.5133","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.ucsd.edu/%7Eztatlock/pub/eqsat-tate-popl09.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.758.1322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.758.1322","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1012.1802.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e225e6f7f8d744ae91336ae2478ea0f7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e225e6f7f8d744ae91336ae2478ea0f7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science, Vol Volume 7, Issue 1 (2011)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2168/lmcs-7(1:10)2011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2168/lmcs-7(1:10)2011","pdf_url":"https://lmcs.episciences.org/1016/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114379355","display_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","issn_l":"1860-5974","issn":["1860-5974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313916","host_organization_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313916"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332603","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2950655732.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2950655732.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79144062","https://openalex.org/W292097496","https://openalex.org/W338991206","https://openalex.org/W1485585934","https://openalex.org/W1507826418","https://openalex.org/W1508641834","https://openalex.org/W1509875415","https://openalex.org/W1516632679","https://openalex.org/W1536119593","https://openalex.org/W1553511155","https://openalex.org/W1568285589","https://openalex.org/W1580664042","https://openalex.org/W1605034451","https://openalex.org/W1605152326","https://openalex.org/W1971388424","https://openalex.org/W1974831460","https://openalex.org/W1978948468","https://openalex.org/W1981830935","https://openalex.org/W1986583217","https://openalex.org/W1990087033","https://openalex.org/W1994718921","https://openalex.org/W1996138408","https://openalex.org/W2002529995","https://openalex.org/W2002749185","https://openalex.org/W2005985523","https://openalex.org/W2017351599","https://openalex.org/W2022554539","https://openalex.org/W2022667180","https://openalex.org/W2030776771","https://openalex.org/W2040856861","https://openalex.org/W2052934867","https://openalex.org/W2055477538","https://openalex.org/W2058866239","https://openalex.org/W2065748025","https://openalex.org/W2069985427","https://openalex.org/W2073904768","https://openalex.org/W2076090418","https://openalex.org/W2084804301","https://openalex.org/W2088056808","https://openalex.org/W2094080019","https://openalex.org/W2098293014","https://openalex.org/W2100894869","https://openalex.org/W2101430044","https://openalex.org/W2101811680","https://openalex.org/W2103184499","https://openalex.org/W2110423393","https://openalex.org/W2113757735","https://openalex.org/W2114012357","https://openalex.org/W2125872407","https://openalex.org/W2127382014","https://openalex.org/W2136202785","https://openalex.org/W2144344516","https://openalex.org/W2145852050","https://openalex.org/W2150871888","https://openalex.org/W2152885483","https://openalex.org/W2153131284","https://openalex.org/W2154403892","https://openalex.org/W2160145830","https://openalex.org/W2162310026","https://openalex.org/W2164778826","https://openalex.org/W2295914203","https://openalex.org/W2413590733","https://openalex.org/W2911450990","https://openalex.org/W3001474023","https://openalex.org/W3004544459","https://openalex.org/W3024487921","https://openalex.org/W3127957952","https://openalex.org/W3157787941","https://openalex.org/W4210521044","https://openalex.org/W4229799736","https://openalex.org/W4231368563","https://openalex.org/W4233328604","https://openalex.org/W4240331105","https://openalex.org/W4241758965","https://openalex.org/W4246378947","https://openalex.org/W4251192040","https://openalex.org/W4252567017","https://openalex.org/W4285091613","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4292003697","https://openalex.org/W4301666354"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2577630842","https://openalex.org/W2113798250","https://openalex.org/W1488300410","https://openalex.org/W4225492247","https://openalex.org/W2069117531","https://openalex.org/W4320560513","https://openalex.org/W2083681681","https://openalex.org/W2956382393","https://openalex.org/W1877657449","https://openalex.org/W2508091716"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optimizations":[0],"in":[1,110,191],"a":[2,17,30,39,56,97,121,142,213],"traditional":[3],"compiler":[4],"are":[5],"applied":[6],"sequentially,":[7],"with":[8,79],"each":[9],"optimization":[10,36,136,144,203],"destructively":[11],"modifying":[12],"the":[13,25,35,46,76,83,91,101,106,111,131,139],"program":[14,19,72,104],"to":[15,24,55,68,133,156],"produce":[16],"transformed":[18],"that":[20,51,146,186],"is":[21,189,198,206],"then":[22],"passed":[23],"next":[26],"optimization.":[27],"We":[28,167,180],"present":[29,168,182],"new":[31],"approach":[32,129,188],"for":[33,212],"structuring":[34,118],"phase":[37],"of":[38,48,90,117,123,141,177,193],"compiler.":[40],"In":[41],"our":[42,128,165,169,175,187],"approach,":[43,170],"optimizations":[44],"take":[45],"form":[47],"equality":[49,53],"analyses":[50,67],"add":[52],"information":[54],"common":[57],"intermediate":[58,77,84,178],"representation.":[59,113,179],"The":[60],"optimizer":[61],"works":[62],"by":[63],"repeatedly":[64],"applying":[65],"these":[66],"infer":[69],"equivalences":[70],"between":[71],"fragments,":[73],"thus":[74],"saturating":[75],"representation":[78,85],"equalities.":[80],"Once":[81],"saturated,":[82],"encodes":[86],"multiple":[87],"optimized":[88,103,150],"versions":[89],"input":[92],"program.":[93],"At":[94],"this":[95],"point,":[96],"profitability":[98],"heuristic":[99,145],"picks":[100],"final":[102],"from":[105],"various":[107],"programs":[108],"represented":[109],"saturated":[112],"Our":[114],"proposed":[115],"way":[116],"optimizers":[119],"has":[120],"variety":[122],"benefits":[124],"over":[125],"previous":[126],"approaches:":[127],"obviates":[130],"need":[132],"worry":[134],"about":[135],"ordering,":[137],"enables":[138],"use":[140],"global":[143],"selects":[147],"among":[148],"fully":[149],"programs,":[151],"and":[152,173,195,205],"can":[153],"be":[154],"used":[155],"perform":[157],"translation":[158,210],"validation,":[159],"even":[160],"on":[161],"compilers":[162],"other":[163],"than":[164],"own.":[166],"formalize":[171],"it,":[172],"describe":[174],"choice":[176],"also":[181],"experimental":[183],"results":[184],"showing":[185],"practical":[190],"terms":[192],"time":[194],"space":[196],"overhead,":[197],"effective":[199,207],"at":[200,208],"discovering":[201],"intricate":[202],"opportunities,":[204],"performing":[209],"validation":[211],"realistic":[214],"optimizer.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}